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CRISP 2.0 Type 1: Interdependent Water Infrastructure in a Potable Reuse System

CRISP 2.0 类型 1：饮用水再利用系统中相互依赖的水基础设施

基本信息

批准号：
1832713
负责人：
Erica Marti
金额：
$ 74.7万
依托单位：
University of Nevada Las Vegas
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-01-01 至 2022-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1832713&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CRISP 2.0 Type Interdependent Water

项目摘要

The overall objective of this Critical Resilient Interdependent Infrastructure Systems and Processes (CRISP) research is to characterize the interdependence and resilience of flood control, wastewater, and drinking water infrastructure, and, in particular, the impact on water quality of unsheltered homeless encampments with insufficient sanitation facilities and management. Homelessness is one of the most significant issues affecting human health, well-being, and ecosystem services in the United States. The problem is particularly evident in Las Vegas where 67 percent of the homeless population is unsheltered. This raises concerns related to the public and environmental health implications of human fecal contamination of local water systems, specifically flood control infrastructure. Similar to many cities throughout the US, Las Vegas also discharges treated wastewater effluent upstream of its drinking water intakes. Therefore, if the wastewater and drinking water infrastructure are not sufficiently resilient, the added stress from flood control infrastructure may create a positive feedback loop leading to greater exposure to contaminants of emerging concern and more frequent outbreaks of waterborne disease. This research targets two long-term outcomes related to these issues: (1) generation of data and models that can be used to increase understanding of the broader public health implications of homelessness and (2) development of tools and products to effectively disseminate this knowledge to contribute to more effective measures to address homelessness and mitigate related impacts on public and environmental health. Although this research focuses on Las Vegas, concerns related to the nexus of homelessness and water quality exist in numerous cities throughout the country, thereby offering ample opportunity for replication in other regions.This research employs a transdisciplinary systems-level approach to characterize the interdependence and resilience of flood control, wastewater, and drinking water infrastructure in the context of potable reuse. The overall objective of the research is to fully characterize the nexus of water quality and public health implications of unsheltered homeless encampments. This research addresses the following environmental engineering and social science hypotheses. (1) Inadequate sanitation practices within the unsheltered homeless population result in significant deterioration of surface ater quality. These impacts are characterized using advanced chemical methods (gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy) for the detection of pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and other indicator trace organic compounds. The chemical data are complemented by advanced microbiological methods [16S rRNA gene sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and microbial source tracking] for the detection of fecal indicators, human-specific markers, and pathogens. (2) Flood control and wastewater infrastructure contribute pathogen and disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor loadings that may lead to adverse public health impacts in drinking water infrastructure systems. Pathogen monitoring data are integrated into a system dynamics model in a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) framework. The relative contributions of DBP precursors from surface water, wastewater, and flood control infrastructure are based on trihalomethane (THM), haloacetic acid (HAA), and nitrosamine formation potentials using free chlorine, chloramines, and ozone as the target disinfectants. (3) Advanced treatment with ozone-biofiltration can be optimized to improve the resiliency of drinking water infrastructure as a DBP barrier by increasing the removal of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)which typically is elevated during and after rainstorms in urban areas. This effort is best informed by quantitative stable isotope probing to identify the microbial taxa responsible for NDMA biodegradation. The research team also uses ethnographic methods to characterize the homeless experience and their decision making processes, thereby allowing for the development of targeted outputs that can inform stakeholders and decision makers. Finally, through collaboration with the UNLV Department of Film, the research team also produces a short documentary on the nexus of homelessness and water quality in Southern Nevada. In addition to exposing film students to modern issues in engineering and social science, the documentary serves as the foundation of future outreach and education activities aimed at raising awareness.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这一关键的弹性相互依赖的基础设施系统和过程（CRISP）研究的总体目标是表征防洪，废水和饮用水基础设施的相互依赖性和弹性，特别是对无庇护的无家可归者营地水质的影响，卫生设施和管理不足。无家可归是影响美国人类健康、福祉和生态系统服务的最重要问题之一。这个问题在拉斯维加斯尤为明显，那里67%的无家可归者无家可归。这引起了人们对人类粪便污染当地供水系统，特别是防洪基础设施的公众和环境健康影响的关注。与美国许多城市类似，拉斯维加斯也在饮用水取水口上游排放处理过的废水。因此，如果废水和饮用水基础设施没有足够的弹性，防洪基础设施增加的压力可能会产生一个积极的反馈循环，导致更多地暴露于新出现的令人担忧的污染物，并更频繁地爆发水传播疾病。这项研究的目标是与这些问题有关的两个长期成果：（1）生成数据和模型，可用于提高对无家可归问题更广泛的公共卫生影响的理解;（2）开发工具和产品，以有效传播这一知识，促进采取更有效的措施解决无家可归问题，减轻对公共和环境健康的相关影响。虽然这项研究的重点是拉斯维加斯，无家可归和水质的关系在全国各地的许多城市存在的关注，从而提供了充分的机会，在其他regions.This研究采用跨学科的系统级的方法来表征的相互依存关系和恢复力的防洪，废水和饮用水基础设施的饮用水再利用的背景下。研究的总体目标是充分描述无庇护的无家可归者营地的水质和公共卫生影响之间的关系。本研究涉及以下环境工程和社会科学假设。(1)在无家可归的人口中，不适当的卫生措施导致地表水质量严重恶化。这些影响的特点是使用先进的化学方法（气相色谱/质谱和液相色谱/质谱）检测药物，非法药物，和其他指示痕量有机化合物。化学数据由先进的微生物学方法[16 S rRNA基因测序，定量聚合酶链反应和微生物来源跟踪]补充，用于检测粪便指标，人类特异性标志物和病原体。(2)防洪和废水基础设施贡献病原体和消毒副产物（DBP）前体负荷，可能会导致不利的公共卫生影响饮用水基础设施系统。病原体监测数据集成到定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）框架中的系统动力学模型中。DBP前体从地表水，废水和防洪基础设施的相对贡献是基于三卤甲烷（THM），卤乙酸（HAA），和亚硝胺的形成潜力，使用游离氯，氯胺，和臭氧作为目标消毒剂。(3)可以优化臭氧生物过滤的高级处理，通过增加N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）的去除来提高饮用水基础设施作为DBP屏障的弹性，NDMA通常在城市地区的暴雨期间和之后升高。这项工作最好是通过定量稳定同位素探测来确定负责NDMA生物降解的微生物类群。研究小组还使用人种学方法来描述无家可归者的经历及其决策过程，从而可以制定有针对性的产出，为利益攸关方和决策者提供信息。最后，通过与UNLV电影部的合作，研究小组还制作了一部关于内华达州南部无家可归和水质关系的纪录短片。除了让电影专业的学生接触到工程和社会科学领域的现代问题外，这部纪录片还为未来旨在提高认识的外展和教育活动奠定了基础。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。