NSF's ChemMatCARS: Construction of a Second Beamline using a Canted Undulator at the Advanced Photon Source

该奖项由数学和物理科学局的化学司和多学科活动办公室、工程局的化学、生物工程环境和运输系统司以及生物科学局的分子和细胞生物科学和生物基础设施部支持。该奖项扩大了NSF的ChemMatCARS的科学能力和仪器。NSF的ChemMatCARS是化学、材料科学、生物工程、环境工程和分子生物科学前沿研究的国家用户设施，在位于Argonne国家实验室的高级光子源使用高能同步X射线。NSF的ChemMatCARS实验站服务于广泛的国内和国际科学家社区，提供世界上其他地方找不到的独特能力。研究活动涉及重要的社会问题，包括新能源的开发、生物过程激发的生物分子材料、有助于理解生命规律的相互作用研究、环境修复过程以及对广泛行业至关重要的新材料和催化剂。该奖项支持NSF的ChemMatCARS部门从一个光束线扩展到两个光束线，从而为创新开发新能力和增强能力提供机会，以满足更大用户群体的科学需求。该设施是各级教育研究人员的培训基地，开展了许多活动来开发和多样化未来的STEM劳动力。NSF ChemMatCARS的升级使性能得到改善，并使用户更多地获得新的实验技术，包括系列X射线结晶学、低能共振衍射、液-固界面研究、扫描透射式界面散射和相干X射线表面成像。该奖项支持设计和建造一条新的光束线以及两个实验站，这些实验站由由超导磁体组成的独立的第二个高能插入设备(波荡器)提供X射线。NSF的ChemMatCARS可用于实验的波束时间增加了一倍，从而允许开发新技术和新的研究领域。即将对先进光子源进行升级，将产生亮度提高100倍、通量一致的X射线束，从而实现新的科学和更短的实验时间。小分子的系列X射线结晶学正在发展，以研究不可逆的化学反应和物理反应和过程的结构动力学，事实证明，在原子尺度上表征这些反应和过程具有挑战性。新光束线上的低能量X射线扩展了共振衍射的能力，完全覆盖了3D和4D过渡金属，从而加强了用富含稀土的催化材料取代贵金属的研究。在液体界面领域，新技术正在应对在纳米尺度上表征液体表面和界面的异质性的挑战。液体-固体界面的研究是由能够解决水净化、生物信号和运输的蛋白质-膜相互作用以及催化和能源应用的电解液-电极相互作用等领域的广泛科学问题的新仪器实现的。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award is supported by the Division of Chemistry and the Office of Multidisciplinary Activities in the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, the Division of Chemical, Bioengineering Environmental, and Transport Systems in the Directorate for Engineering and the Divisions of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and Biological Infrastructure in the Directorate for Biological Sciences. The award expands the scientific capabilities and instrumentation at NSF's ChemMatCARS. NSF's ChemMatCARS is a national user facility for frontier research in chemistry, materials science, bioengineering, environmental engineering, and molecular biosciences that employs high-energy synchrotron X-rays at the Advanced Photon Source located at Argonne National Laboratory. Experimental stations at NSF's ChemMatCARS serve a broad national and international community of scientists providing unique capabilities not found anywhere else in the world. Research activities address vital societal issues, including the development of new energy sources, biomolecular materials inspired by biological processes, studies of interactions that help in understanding the rules of life, environmental remediation processes, and new materials and catalysts important for a wide range of industries. This award supports the expansion of NSF's ChemMatCARS sector from one beamline to two, thereby providing opportunities for innovative development of new capabilities and enhanced capacity to meet the scientific needs of a larger user community. The facility serves as a training ground for researchers at all levels of education and carries out numerous activities to develop and diversify the future STEM workforce.The upgrade of NSF ChemMatCARS enables improved performance and increased user access to new experimental techniques including serial X-ray crystallography, low energy resonant diffraction, the study of liquid-solid interfaces, scanning transmission interfacial scattering, and coherent X-ray surface imaging. The award supports the design and construction of a new beamline as well as two experimental stations that are supplied with X-rays from an independent, second high-energy insertion device (undulator) consisting of superconducting magnets. Beamtime available for experiments at NSF's ChemMatCARS is being doubled, allowing for the development of new techniques and new areas of inquiry. An upcoming upgrade of the Advanced Photon Source will produce an X-ray beam with 100-fold greater brightness and coherent flux enabling new sciences and shorter experiment times. Serial X-ray crystallography of small molecules is being developed to study the structural dynamics of irreversible chemical and physical reactions and processes, that have proven challenging to characterize on the atomic scale. Lower energy X-rays on the new beamline extend the capabilities of resonant diffraction to provide complete coverage of 3d and 4d transition metals, thereby enhancing investigations to replace precious metals with earth-abundant materials for catalysis. In the area of liquid interfaces, new techniques are addressing the challenge of characterizing the heterogeneity of liquid surfaces and interfaces on the nanoscale. The study of liquid-solid interfaces is made possible by new instrumentation capable of addressing a wide range of scientific problems in the areas of water purification, protein-membrane interactions for bio-signaling and transport, and electrolyte-electrode interactions for catalysis and energy applications.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.