Fluctuations and Structure at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces

w：\awards\awards96\num.doc 9700975 Schlossman 技术支持：这是一个新的项目，其中同步加速器X射线表面散射将被用来调查在多组分流体的液-液界面的波动和结构。 这些实验将探讨分子有序和热波动在确定界面现象中的作用。 感兴趣的领域如下。 (1)研究了油-微乳液和微乳液-水界面随体相内部有序度变化的界面轮廓。(2)润湿薄膜中短距离波动界面相互作用行为的研究。(3)研究在宽链长范围内和接近本体烷烃熔融温度的温度下二元烷烃-水界面的行为。 (4)在一个明确定义的化学体系中，当界面波动的幅度在一个到两个数量级上变化时，表面活性剂在液-液界面上的组织研究。 %非技术性用一根针戳入水面即可证明表面张力的存在。 这种张力由从液体主体中取出分子并产生单位面积的表面或界面所需的自由能决定。 这种能量取决于界面处的分子结构。 许多依赖于界面结构的过程发生在液-液界面，例如分子穿过界面的传输。 这些过程对于制造新材料，理解界面化学， 在生物界面如膜中。 不幸的是，关于这种界面结构的实验信息很少。 我们建议使用强大的同步辐射X射线源来研究这种结构在液-液界面。 这些研究通常包括油水界面的测量 遇到 在日常生活中 （和 在 工业制造）以及一些奇异的界面，这些界面本身会剧烈波动。 *** p：\toulouse\abs98

w:\awards\awards96\num.doc 9700975 Schlossman Technical: This is a new project in which synchrotron x-ray surface scattering will be used to investigate fluctuations and structure at the liquid-liquid interface in multi-component fluids. These experiments will probe the role of molecular ordering and thermal fluctuations in determining interfacial phenomena . The areas of interest are as follows. (1) Study of interfacial profiles at the oil-microemulsion and microemulsion-water interfaces as the degree of internal order in the bulk phases is varied. (2) Study of the behavior of fluctuating interfaces interacting over short distances in thin wetting films. (3) Study of the behavior of the binary alkane-water interface over a wide range of chain lengths and for temperatures near the melting temperature of the bulk alkane. (4) Study of surfactant organization at the liquid- liquid interface in a well defined chemical system as the amplitude of interfacial fluctuations is varied over one to two orders of magnitude. %%% Non-technical The existence of a surface tension is evident by poking a pin into the surface of water. This tension is determined by the free energy required to take molecules from the bulk of the liquid and create a unit area of surface or interface. This energy depends upon the molecular organization at the interface. Many processes that depend upon the interfacial structure occur at liquid-liquid interfaces, such as the transport of molecules across the interface. These processes are important for making new materials, understanding interfacial chemistry, and in biological interfaces such as membranes. Unfortunately, very little experimental information about this interfacial structure is available. We propose to use powerful synchrotron x-ray sources to study this structure at liquid-liquid interfaces. These st udies will include measurements on oil-water interfaces commonly encountered in daily life (and in industrial manufacturing) and also on some exotic interfaces that fluctuate wildly on their own. *** p:\toulouse\abs98