CPS: Medium: Rethinking Communication and Control for Low-Latency, High Reliability loT Devices

物联网（IoT）革命正在使数以百万计的物理设备（例如汽车、无人机、家庭、医疗设备）联网，使它们能够实时相互连接，并连接到云服务。无线通信对于提供物联网连接至关重要。在未来的无线网络中，有三个主要的战略方向。首先，增强的移动宽带将为未来的3D应用（如虚拟现实）带来更大的数据速率。其次，智慧城市/社区应用需要大量的传感器，这些传感器在大城市或农村地区以可扩展、异步和节能的方式进行零星通信。前两个方向虽然重要，但不是我们建议的重点。相反，我们的建议侧重于低延迟和超可靠的通信和网络，这对于延迟敏感的闭环控制应用至关重要，如车对车通信，协同游泳规划和工业控制。在这种对延迟敏感的应用程序中，我们需要重新思考网络堆栈、编码、网络架构和控制设计，以实现可以提供超低延迟（99.999%）的通信和网络。这远远超出了目前的可能性。但更重要的是，我们不知道什么是可能的，什么是控制系统设计在低延迟，高可靠性通信的基本限制。在本提案中，我们将重新思考用于延迟敏感控制应用的超可靠，低延迟无线通信的科学基础。我们建议通过解决三个智力挑战来实现我们的科学议程：1)低延迟信道编码，其目标是关注控制环路的短包编码；2)对低延迟感知通信信道的控制，其目标是了解控制环路的延迟与可靠性的最佳权衡；3)大规模无线控制网络的学习；我们打算通过利用我们现有的英特尔无线自主系统科学技术中心（ISTC）来评估拟议的研究议程，并在未来的无线协议（IEEE 802.11ax）中展示我们的想法，并在高速V2V和空中蜂群的快速编队控制中进行实验演示。在教育方面，宾夕法尼亚大学（University of Pennsylvania）计划在edX MOOC平台上提供物联网（IoT）微型硕士课程。从长远来看，我们的目标是创建一个新的研究人员社区，专注于控制物联网设备的低延迟无线网络。为了实现这一目标，我们计划利用各部门的努力来增加和多样化从事这个项目的博士生。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The internet-of-things (IoT) revolution is bringing millions of physical devices online (e.g. cars, UAVs, homes, medical devices), enabling them to connect to each other in real-time, as well as to cloud services. Wireless communication will be critical in providing IoT connectivity. There are three main strategic directions that are envisioned in the future wireless networking. First, enhanced mobile broadband will result in even larger data rates for future 3D applications such as virtual reality. Second, Smart City/Community applications require large number of sensors that communicate sporadically over large urban or rural areas in a scalable, asynchronous, and energy efficient manner. The previous two directions, while important, are not the focus of our proposal. Instead, our proposal focuses on low-latency and ultra-reliable communications and networking that is critical for latency-sensitive, closed-loop control applications, like vehicle to vehicle communications, collaborative swam planning, and industrial control. In such latency sensitive applications, we need to rethink the networking stack, coding, networking architecture, and control design to enable communications and networking that can provide ultra-low latency (99.999%). This is far beyond what is currently possible. But even more importantly, we do not know what is possible and what are the fundamental limits for control system design over low-latency, high-reliability communications.In this proposal, we will be rethinking the scientific foundations for ultra-reliable, low-latency wireless communications for latency sensitive control applications. We propose to achieve our scientific agenda by addressing three intellectual challenges: 1) Low-latency channel coding, where the goal is to focus on short packet codes for control loops 2) Control over low latency-aware communication channels, where the goal is to understand the what is the optimal tradeoff of latency to reliability for control loops and 3) Learning for Large Scale Wireless Control Networks, where machine learning will perform resource allocation for large numbers of control loops with competing latency/reliability requirements We intend to evaluate the proposed research agenda by leveraging our existing Intel Science and Technology Center (ISTC) on Wireless Autonomous Systems and demonstrate our ideas in future wireless protocols (IEEE 802.11ax) and experimentally demonstrate it in high-speed V2V and fast formation control with aerial swarms. On the educational front, the University of Pennsylvania is planning to offer a Micro-Masters program in Internet of Things (IoT) on the edX MOOC platform. Longer term, our goal is to create a new community of researchers that focus on control over low-latency wireless networks for IoT devices. Towards this goal, we plan on leveraging departmental efforts to increase and diversify the PhD students working on this project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.