EAGER: ISN: Network Analysis and Opportunities for Disruption of Organ Trafficking

EAGER：ISN：网络分析和破坏器官贩运的机会

• 批准号: 1838306
• 负责人: Naoru Koizumi
• 金额: $ 29.15万
• 依托单位: George Mason University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-11-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1838306&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; ISN; Network; Analysis; Opportunities

This EArly-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER) award will contribute to the advancement of national security and welfare through a greater understanding of the worldwide operations of illicit organ trafficking networks. The system of organ trafficking is known to be complex; it consists of multiple players such as kidney sellers (often poor, young and healthy), buyers (affluent but desperate), transplant service providers (surgeons, hospitals and other agents), brokers (who often provide similar services to other illicit trades) and financial institutions that knowingly or unknowingly participate in passing money from the buyers to other actors. Inter-actor social networks are inherent in organ trafficking since the system tends to operate and expand through social connections. This award seeks to establish a fundamental understanding of the network structure, including incentives and behavioral patterns of the participants, linkages between the participants, and its dynamic evolution. The transdisciplinary nature of this project, involving social scientists, operations researchers, and health and health policy professionals, provides an opportunity to examine the nature of organ trafficking networks from multiple perspectives and to discover structural patterns and network disruption strategies that may not be easily discerned otherwise. The results of this research will be disseminated widely to assist law enforcement in detecting trafficking crime and and policy makers in developing effective policies and regulations to disrupt these networks.This research project develops an analytical framework to examine structural patterns and evolution of organ trafficking networks. The framework will: i) deploy an agent-based simulation model to characterize such networks based on limited but reliable data from the field; ii) provide a network analysis to investigate structural connections and their vulnerabilities in the networks; and iii) explore optimization methods to derive effective strategies to disrupt these networks. The impact of properties that distinguish these networks from other illicit supply networks, namely the higher profit per transaction, involvement of highly skilled, often high profile actors (physicians, lab technicians, etc.) and required access to specialized facilities and equipment will be studied as a potential points of leverage.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

EARLY概念探索性研究补助金（EAGER）将通过更好地了解非法器官贩运网络的全球运作，为促进国家安全和福利做出贡献。众所周知，器官贩运系统很复杂;它由多个参与者组成，如卖肾者（往往贫穷、年轻和健康）、买肾者（富裕但绝望）、移植服务提供者（外科医生、医院和其他代理人）、经纪人（往往为其他非法交易提供类似服务）和金融机构，这些机构在知情或不知情的情况下参与将钱从买肾者转给其他行为者。行为者之间的社交网络是器官贩运所固有的，因为该系统往往通过社会联系运作和扩大。该奖项旨在建立对网络结构的基本理解，包括参与者的激励和行为模式，参与者之间的联系及其动态演变。该项目的跨学科性质，涉及社会科学家，业务研究人员，卫生和卫生政策专业人员，提供了一个机会，从多个角度研究器官贩运网络的性质，并发现结构模式和网络破坏策略，否则可能不容易识别。 这项研究的结果将广为传播，以协助执法部门侦查贩运犯罪，并协助决策者制定有效的政策和条例，瓦解这些网络，这项研究项目将制定一个分析框架，以审查器官贩运网络的结构模式和演变情况。该框架将：i）部署一个基于代理的模拟模型，根据来自现场的有限但可靠的数据来描述这种网络的特征; ii）提供网络分析，以调查网络中的结构连接及其脆弱性; iii）探索优化方法，以得出破坏这些网络的有效策略。这些网络有别于其他非法供应网络的特点所产生的影响，即每笔交易的利润较高，有高技能、往往是高知名度的行为者（医生、实验室技术人员等）参与。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The impact of country reimbursement programmes on living kidney donations

• DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002596
• 发表时间: 2020-08-01
• 期刊: BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH
• 影响因子: 8.1
• 作者: Siddique, Abu Bakkar;Apte, Vandana;Koizumi, Naoru
• 通讯作者: Koizumi, Naoru

Network Contagion vs. Spatial Contagion: The Diffusion of EHR Incentive Programs in Physician Networks

网络传染与空间传染：EHR 激励计划在医生网络中的扩散

• DOI: 10.24251/hicss.2021.442
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
• 作者: Li, Meng-Hao;Koizumi, Naoru
• 通讯作者: Koizumi, Naoru