D-ISN/Collaborative Research: Financial and Network Disruptions in Counterfeit and Illegal Medicines Trade

这一破坏非法供应网络运作（D-ISN）项目的目标是开发和评估一个支持网络的系统，该系统将确定干预点并协调利益攸关方的努力，以破坏医疗产品的非法流动。它寻求通过协调一致的方法促进技术创新，包括获取关键数据、网络分析、分布式推理、确定战略干预点以及缓解方法，以破坏非法、不合格和伪造药品的流动（ISFM贸易）。该项目将提高我国有效破坏非法和假冒药品贸易的能力，防止违法者改变其操作方式以规避管制，从而破坏公共卫生、收入、竞争、法治并影响国家安全。研究小组与工业界和执法机构的合作将促进有关破坏技术的互动过程。此外，集体努力旨在启动关于新的治理和社会控制模式的讨论，从而激励政府、私营部门和学术界各方分享解决社会问题的技能、知识和数据。一个社会问题的解决方案被建立在一个商业模式中，它可以用于处理其他类似的挑战（例如，腐败、恐怖主义、气候危机、建设和平）。该项目采用了犯罪学、计算机科学和药理学等多学科方法，开发了一个多路网络支持的系统，该系统将确定干预点，并可用于协调利益攸关方的努力，以破坏医疗产品的非法流动，就问题的性质达成共识。并开发和普及数据基础设施，有效地破坏非法医疗供应链，以尽量减少其造成的社会危害。特别地，该项目将解决五个主要目标：1)使用原始和其他研究数据来识别ISFM贸易中的犯罪不对称和控制弱点；2)挖掘分布式数据，推断聚类和连接，从聚合数据中构建多路网络，发现ISFM网络的拓扑和物理特性，预测缺失实体和实体之间的连接；3)利用级联失效理论发现最具影响力的失效模式，并通过扩展微流体，光学和定量测试平台（类似于PharmaChk）来验证干预策略，以纳入包括阿片类药物在内的高优先级目标（抗生素和抗感染药物）的强大，准确，但廉价的化学测试；4)利用物联网和区块链实现高度仪器化的生产者到患者供应链，从而能够检测ICM贸易；5)为多方利益相关者合作制定框架和激励措施，并建立ISFM指数的社会问责制，以管理回应，并使集体非营利、私人和公共行动成为可能。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The objective of this Disrupting Operations of Illicit Supply Networks (D-ISN) project is to develop and evaluate a network-enabled system that will identify points of intervention and coordinate stakeholders' efforts to disrupt illicit flows of medical products. It seeks to catalyze technological innovations using a coordinated approach that includes access to critical data, network analysis, distributed inference, identification of strategic points of intervention, and mitigation approaches to disrupt the flow of illegal, substandard, and falsified medicines (ISFM trade). The project will advance our Nation's ability to effectively disrupt trade in illicit and counterfeit pharmaceuticals to prevent offenders from adapting their modus operandi to circumvent controls and consequently undermine public health, revenue, competition, the rule of law, and impact national security. The research team's collaboration with industry and law enforcement agencies will facilitate an interactive process regarding disruption techniques. In addition, the collective effort is designed to launch discussions about new governance and social control models whereby government, private sector, and academic parties are motivated to share skills, knowledge, and data towards solving social problems. The solution to a social problem is built into a business model, which can serve in the handling of other similar challenges (e.g., corruption, terrorism, climate crisis, peacebuilding).The project employs a multidisciplinary set of methods from criminology, computer science, and pharmacology to develop a multiplex network-enabled system that will identify points of intervention and can be used to coordinate efforts of stakeholders to disrupt illicit flows of the medical product, create consensual knowledge on the nature of the problem, and develop and populate a data infrastructure to disrupt illegal medical supply chains effectively so as to minimize the social harm they cause. Specially, this project will address five primary objectives: 1) use original and other research data to identify criminogenic asymmetries and control weaknesses in the ISFM trade; 2) mine distributed data to infer clusters and linkages, and construct a multiplex network from our aggregated data to discover topological & physical properties of ISFM networks and predict missing entities and connections between entities; 3) discover the most impactful failure modes using the cascading failures theory and validate the intervention strategy by extending the microfluidic, optical and quantitative testing platform (similar to PharmaChk) to incorporate robust, accurate, but inexpensive chemical tests for a shortlist of high-priority targets (antibiotics and anti-infectives) including opioids; 4) use internet of things and blockchain to enable highly instrumented producer-to-patient supply chains that enable detection of ICM trade; and 5) develop a framework and incentives for multi-stakeholder collaboration, and build a Social Accountability on ISFM Index to manage responses and enable collective non-profit, private, and public action.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.