D-ISN/Collaborative Research: Financial and Network Disruptions in Counterfeit and Illegal Medicines Trade

这一非法供应网络扰乱行动(D-ISN)项目的目标是开发和评估一个联网系统，该系统将确定干预点并协调利益攸关方为扰乱医疗产品非法流动所做的努力。它寻求使用协调一致的方法促进技术创新，其中包括获取关键数据、网络分析、分布式推理、确定战略干预点，以及采取缓解方法来中断非法、不合格和假冒药品的流动(ISFM贸易)。该项目将提高我国有效扰乱非法和假冒药品贸易的能力，以防止犯罪者改变他们的作案手法来规避管制，从而破坏公共健康、收入、竞争、法治和影响国家安全。研究小组与行业和执法机构的合作将促进有关破坏技术的互动过程。此外，集体努力旨在发起关于新的治理和社会控制模式的讨论，在这种模式下，政府、私营部门和学术团体被激励分享技能、知识和数据，以解决社会问题。社会问题的解决方案内置于商业模型中，可用于处理其他类似的挑战(例如，腐败、恐怖主义、气候危机、建设和平)。该项目使用犯罪学、计算机科学和药理学的多学科方法集，开发一个多路网络使能系统，该系统将识别干预点，并可用于协调利益相关者的努力，以中断医疗产品的非法流动，创建关于问题性质的共识知识，并开发和填充数据基础设施，以有效扰乱非法医疗供应链，从而将其造成的社会危害降至最低。具体来说，该项目将解决五个主要目标：1)使用原始和其他研究数据来识别ISFM贸易中的犯罪成因不对称并控制弱点；2)挖掘分布式数据以推断集群和链接，并从我们的聚合数据中构建多路网络，以发现ISFM网络的拓扑和物理属性，并预测缺失实体和实体之间的连接；3)使用级联故障理论发现影响最大的故障模式，并通过扩展微流体、光学和定量测试平台(类似于PharmaChk)来验证干预策略，以纳入针对包括阿片类药物在内的高优先级目标(抗生素和抗感染药物)的短名单的可靠、准确但廉价的化学测试；4)使用物联网和区块链来实现高度仪表化的生产商到患者的供应链，从而能够检测ICM交易；以及5)为多个利益相关者协作制定一个框架和激励措施，并建立一个关于ISFM指数的社会责任，以管理回应并支持集体的非营利性、私人和公共行动。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The objective of this Disrupting Operations of Illicit Supply Networks (D-ISN) project is to develop and evaluate a network-enabled system that will identify points of intervention and coordinate stakeholders' efforts to disrupt illicit flows of medical products. It seeks to catalyze technological innovations using a coordinated approach that includes access to critical data, network analysis, distributed inference, identification of strategic points of intervention, and mitigation approaches to disrupt the flow of illegal, substandard, and falsified medicines (ISFM trade). The project will advance our Nation's ability to effectively disrupt trade in illicit and counterfeit pharmaceuticals to prevent offenders from adapting their modus operandi to circumvent controls and consequently undermine public health, revenue, competition, the rule of law, and impact national security. The research team's collaboration with industry and law enforcement agencies will facilitate an interactive process regarding disruption techniques. In addition, the collective effort is designed to launch discussions about new governance and social control models whereby government, private sector, and academic parties are motivated to share skills, knowledge, and data towards solving social problems. The solution to a social problem is built into a business model, which can serve in the handling of other similar challenges (e.g., corruption, terrorism, climate crisis, peacebuilding).The project employs a multidisciplinary set of methods from criminology, computer science, and pharmacology to develop a multiplex network-enabled system that will identify points of intervention and can be used to coordinate efforts of stakeholders to disrupt illicit flows of the medical product, create consensual knowledge on the nature of the problem, and develop and populate a data infrastructure to disrupt illegal medical supply chains effectively so as to minimize the social harm they cause. Specially, this project will address five primary objectives: 1) use original and other research data to identify criminogenic asymmetries and control weaknesses in the ISFM trade; 2) mine distributed data to infer clusters and linkages, and construct a multiplex network from our aggregated data to discover topological & physical properties of ISFM networks and predict missing entities and connections between entities; 3) discover the most impactful failure modes using the cascading failures theory and validate the intervention strategy by extending the microfluidic, optical and quantitative testing platform (similar to PharmaChk) to incorporate robust, accurate, but inexpensive chemical tests for a shortlist of high-priority targets (antibiotics and anti-infectives) including opioids; 4) use internet of things and blockchain to enable highly instrumented producer-to-patient supply chains that enable detection of ICM trade; and 5) develop a framework and incentives for multi-stakeholder collaboration, and build a Social Accountability on ISFM Index to manage responses and enable collective non-profit, private, and public action.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.