RoL: FELS: EAGER: Metabolic asymmetry: An energetic rule for linking biology across scales

RoL：FELS：EAGER：代谢不对称：跨尺度联系生物学的能量规则

• 批准号: 1838346
• 负责人: Anthony Dell
• 金额: $ 29.76万
• 依托单位: Lewis and Clark Community College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1838346&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RoL; FELS; EAGER; Metabolic; asymmetry

Ecosystems are composed of animals often referred to as being either 'warm' or 'cold' blooded. While warm-blooded organisms (endotherms) can generate their own body heat, cold-blooded organisms (ectotherms) rely on outside temperatures to determine their internal body temperatures. This difference between organisms can influence how they grow and develop, when they can be active, and the amount of food resources they require. This study explores the role of changing environmental temperatures on the way endotherms and ectotherms evolve and interact with each other. For example, warmer temperatures may cause declines in the hunting success and abundance of endotherms feeding on cold-blooded prey. The goal of this study is to develop general rules about the biology of endo- and ectotherms that can be applied to understand their relationships within and across ecosystems. The results of this study will inform conservation efforts through a focus on how different types of organisms respond to environmental change. The development of general rules that shape life on Earth will be used to engage the public through an on-line film and photo essay, and the development of an interactive website for students and the public to explore how temperature influences species behavior, interactions, and evolution. This work will provide opportunities to mentor and engage undergraduates through research. Although energetic constraints on organismal and ecosystem processes are well recognized, general rules for how individual energetics shape biotic interactions and diversity are rare. This ambitious project addresses this gap in understanding by exploring the energetic basis of movement, foraging, and competitive behavior to derive a quantitative framework for 'metabolic asymmetry'. The work explores how the metabolic differences between antagonistic species drive ecological interactions and shape biodiversity across space and time. Objective I is to derive and develop a general theory of biotic interactions based on metabolic asymmetry that links physiology, behavior, and community ecology. An initial focus will be endotherm/ectotherm interactions, which best exemplify metabolic asymmetries in nature. Objective II will experimentally assess and refine theory using laboratory and field foraging experiments on endothermic shrews (Soricidae), their ectothermic salamander and lizard competitors, and shared ectothermic invertebrate prey. Objective III will explore macroecological and macroevolutionary implications of the metabolic asymmetry theory, by a) assessing metabolic escalation - the progressive increase in metabolic rates - across space for 376 extant species of shrews; b) evaluating metabolic escalation across deep time, using recent phylogenetic methods to reconstruct basal metabolic rates across the tree of life, and c) forecasting ecosystem-level shifts in the relative dominance of endotherms and ectotherms across the globe, given future climate warming scenarios.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生态系统是由通常被称为“温血”或“冷血”的动物组成的。温血动物（恒温动物）可以产生自己的体温，而冷血动物（变温动物）则依靠外界温度来决定它们体内的温度。生物之间的这种差异会影响它们的生长发育方式、活动时间以及所需食物资源的数量。本研究探讨了环境温度变化对恒温动物和变温动物进化和相互作用的影响。例如，温度升高可能会导致捕食成功率下降和以冷血动物为食的恒温动物数量减少。这项研究的目的是发展关于内温动物和变温动物生物学的一般规则，这些规则可以应用于理解它们在生态系统内部和跨生态系统的关系。这项研究的结果将通过关注不同类型的生物如何对环境变化作出反应来为保护工作提供信息。塑造地球生命的一般规则的发展将通过在线电影和照片文章来吸引公众，并为学生和公众开发一个互动网站，以探索温度如何影响物种的行为，相互作用和进化。这项工作将通过研究为指导和吸引本科生提供机会。尽管生物和生态系统过程中的能量约束已经得到了很好的认识，但个体能量如何影响生物相互作用和多样性的一般规则却很少。这个雄心勃勃的项目通过探索运动、觅食和竞争行为的能量基础，得出“代谢不对称”的定量框架，解决了这一理解上的差距。这项工作探讨了拮抗物种之间的代谢差异如何推动生态相互作用，并在空间和时间上塑造生物多样性。目的一是推导和发展基于代谢不对称的生物相互作用的一般理论，该理论将生理学、行为和群落生态学联系起来。最初的重点将是恒温动物/变温动物的相互作用，这是自然界代谢不对称的最佳例证。目的II将通过对恒温鼩鼱（Soricidae）、它们的异温蝾螈和蜥蜴竞争对手以及共同的异温无脊椎动物猎物的实验室和野外觅食实验，对理论进行实验评估和完善。目的III将探讨代谢不对称理论的宏观生态和宏观进化意义，通过a)评估376种现存鼩鼱的代谢升级（代谢率的逐步增加）；B)评估长时间内的代谢升级，利用最近的系统发育方法重建整个生命树的基础代谢率；c)在未来气候变暖的情况下，预测全球恒温动物和变温动物相对优势的生态系统水平变化。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Food web consequences of thermal asymmetries

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14091
• 发表时间: 2022-06-01
• 期刊: FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Gibert, Jean P.;Grady, John M.;Dell, Anthony, I
• 通讯作者: Dell, Anthony, I

The effect of temperature on fish swimming and schooling is context dependent

• DOI: 10.1111/oik.09202
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Oikos
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Maria Kuruvilla;A. Dell;Ashley R. Olson;J. Knouft;J. Grady;Jacob Forbes;A. Berdahl

Metabolic asymmetry and the global diversity of marine predators

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aat4220
• 发表时间: 2019-01-25
• 期刊: SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Grady, John M.;Maitner, Brian S.;Brown, James H.
• 通讯作者: Brown, James H.