RAPID: Rejuvenation of the University of New Hampshire (UNH)'s Neutron Monitor Network

RAPID：新罕布什尔大学 (UNH) 中子监测网络的复兴

• 批准号: 1838512
• 负责人: James Ryan
• 金额: $ 3.5万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1838512&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Rejuvenation; University; New; Hampshire

This one-year RAPID project is aimed at supporting the continued operations and the full rejuvenation of the University of New Hampshire (UNH) network comprised of three neutron monitor (NM) sites: the summit of Mount Washington, Durham, New Hampshire and Leadville, Colorado. The three stations are important because they enable long-term cosmic-ray modulation studies with a data base dating back six Solar Cycles. The NMs are the legacy workhorse instruments for heliospheric physics. Because of their simplicity, ruggedness, and tolerance for mis-adjustment, they have registered numerous transient phenomena, i.e., ground level enhancements (GLE) and Forbush decreases (FD) for more than a half century. They have also been used to monitor the global galactic cosmic-ray intensity that has served as a measure of solar-induced heliospheric activity and has also been used to quantify the dynamics of the transport of cosmic rays within the heliosphere. Conducting these measurements over several Solar Cycles, for example, revealed the 22-year charge-sign dependent heliospheric drift. When treating the global network of NMs as a single magnetic spectrometer, the cosmic-ray spectrum of these phenomena can be measured from the atmospheric cutoff rigidity at high latitudes to almost 20 GV, the geomagnetic cut-off of the most equatorial station. UNH owns and operates three stations in this network. A fourth (Climax) is moribund, and a fifth (Maui), is irreparably decommissioned. The intent of this project is to return the three operating UNH neutron monitors to a complete operational status and support their operation for one year.This one-year RAPID project allows time-critical hardware fixes (controllers and barometers), data processing and recording, overdue maintenance and contractual arrangements with host organizations. Of particular urgency is the full return of the Leadville station to supplant the data stream formerly produced by the Climax monitor. These NM data, along with those of the other instruments in the global network, are critical to interpretation of spacecraft data and the collective measurements of GLEs. Partially filled requests from other investigators for data from one or more of these instruments illustrates their importance to the system. The project provides the means to bring all three stations up to standards by the end of 2018. The three stations are important because they enable long-term cosmic-ray modulation studies with a data base dating back six solar cycles. They are also important for GLE studies, providing "ground truth" for measurements such as PAMELA and AMS. The PAMELA studies by the project team indicate that to fully appreciate and interpret space-based measurements, NM measurements are necessary.This project helps support the non-profit Mount Washington Observatory, which is a meteorological and science resource for the entire New England community. For the international community, it enables the spectrum analysis of GLEs with NMs during impulsive anisotropic phases of an event. This is possible with the South Pole instruments, but the yield function of Polar PolarBARE is very different. A northern hemisphere functionality provided by Mount Washington and Durham complements and augments the South Pole system. It provides an educational experience for an undergraduate student, who is now re-formatting the NM data from all three instruments and exporting those data to the Real-time Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB). The research agenda of this RAPID project supports the Strategic Goals of the AGS Division in discovery, learning, diversity, and interdisciplinary research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个为期一年的RAPID项目旨在支持新罕布什尔州大学网络的持续运作和全面复兴，该网络由三个中子监测站组成：华盛顿山山顶、达勒姆、新罕布什尔州和莱德维尔、科罗拉多。 这三个观测站非常重要，因为它们能够利用可追溯到六个太阳活动周期的数据库进行长期的宇宙射线调制研究。 NM是日光层物理学的传统主力仪器。 由于它们的简单性、坚固性和对误调节的容忍度，它们已经记录了许多瞬态现象，即，半个多世纪以来，全球大气中存在着地面增强（GLE）和Forbush降低（FD）现象。 它们还被用来监测全球银河宇宙射线强度，作为太阳引起的日光层活动的一种量度，并被用来量化日光层内宇宙射线传输的动态。 例如，在几个太阳活动周期中进行这些测量，揭示了22年的电荷符号依赖的日光层漂移。 当把全球纳米尺度网络作为一个单一的磁谱仪时，这些现象的宇宙射线谱可以从高纬度的大气截止刚度到近20 GV（最赤道站的地磁截止）进行测量。 联合国海地办事处在该网络中拥有并经营三个电台。 第四个（高潮）是垂死的，第五个（毛伊岛），是不可挽回的退役。 该项目的目的是使三个正在运行的联合国海地办事处中子监测器恢复完全运行状态，并支持其运行一年，这一为期一年的快速项目可进行时间紧迫的硬件修复（控制器和气压计）、数据处理和记录、逾期维修以及与东道组织的合同安排。 特别紧迫的是Leadville站的全面回归，以取代以前由Climax监测器产生的数据流。 这些北半球数据，连同全球网络中其他仪器的数据，沿着对于解释航天器数据和集体测量地球同步轨道至关重要。 其他调查人员提出的从一个或多个这些文书获得数据的请求得到部分满足，说明了这些文书对系统的重要性。 该项目提供了在2018年底前使所有三个站达到标准的手段。 这三个台站非常重要，因为它们能够利用可追溯到六个太阳活动周期的数据库进行长期的宇宙射线调制研究。 它们对GLE研究也很重要，为PAMELA和AMS等测量提供“地面实况”。 该项目小组的PAMELA研究表明，要充分理解和解释天基测量，NM测量是必要的。该项目有助于支持非营利性的华盛顿山天文台，这是整个新英格兰社区的气象和科学资源。 对于国际社会来说，它可以在事件的脉冲各向异性阶段使用NM进行GLE的频谱分析。 南极仪器可以做到这一点，但Polar PolarBARE的屈服函数非常不同。 华盛顿山和达勒姆山提供的北方半球功能补充和增强了南极系统。 它为本科生提供了一个教育经验，他现在正在重新格式化所有三台仪器的NM数据，并将这些数据导出到实时中子监测数据库（NMDB）。 该RAPID项目的研究议程支持AGS部门在发现、学习、多样性和跨学科研究方面的战略目标。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Solar Energetic Particle Events Observed by the PAMELA Mission

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aacc26
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: A. Bruno;G. Bazilevskaya;M. Boezio;E. Christian;G. Nolfo;M. Martucci;M. Mergé;V. Mikhailov;R. Munini;Ian G. Richardson;Ian G. Richardson;James Ryan;S. Stochaj;O. Adriani;G. Barbarino;R. Bellotti;É. Bogomolov;M. Bongi;V. Bonvicini;S. Bottai;F. Cafagna;D. Campana;P. Carlson;M. Casolino;G. Castellini;C. Santis;V. Felice;A. Galper;A. Karelin;S. Koldashov;S. Koldobskiy;S. Krutkov;A. Kvashnin;A. Leonov;V. Malakhov;L. Marcelli;A. Mayorov;W. Menn;E. Mocchiutti;A. Monaco;N. Mori;G. Osteria;B. Panico;P. Papini;M. Pearce;P. Picozza;M. Ricci;S. Ricciarini;M. Simon;R. Sparvoli;P. Spillantini;P. Spillantini;Y. Stozhkov;A. Vacchi;E. Vannuccini;G. Vasilyev;S. Voronov;Y. Yurkin;G. Zampa;N. Zampa

Comparing Long-duration Gamma-Ray Flares and High-energy Solar Energetic Particles

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab258f
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: G. A. Nolfo;A. Bruno;J. Ryan;Silvia Dalla;J. Giacalone;Ian G. Richardson;Ian G. Richardson;E. Christian;S. Stochaj;G. Bazilevskaya;M. Boezio;M. Martucci;V. Mikhailov;R. Munini