Fe3+/FeT Ratios in Amphiboles - A New Tool for Understanding the Redox State of Arc Magmas

俯冲带是一个构造板块下降到另一个构造板块之下的地方，是大陆地壳形成的基础，大陆地壳是人类生活的坚实陆地，也是重要矿床形成的基础。这两个过程的一个关键方面是地球表面和深层之间的物质交换。在俯冲带形成的岩浆反映了这种物质的转移，通过独特的化学物质表明其源区的表面衍生物质。这方面的一个突出例子是，与大洋中脊玄武岩相比，俯冲带火山岩的氧化还原状态升高，这通常被认为是由于氧化的表面物质俯冲而产生的。虽然火山岩的氧化还原状态可以通过更成熟的方法进行评估，但俯冲带深成岩的氧化还原状态可能更难以评估，因为冷却速度较慢，缺乏适当的矿物组合。这项工作将扩大我们的知识弧岩浆的氧化还原状态，通过开发一个详细的了解铁的氧化还原状态在弧岩浆，角闪石中的一种普遍存在的矿物，并将这种理解应用到一套俯冲带深成岩。这项工作将提供一个新的工具，为社会实施的研究俯冲带氧化还原。除了科学贡献外，这项工作还将支持对加州理工学院的一名女博士后学者和暑期本科生研究员的科学培训。在俯冲带爆发的火山岩一般比大洋中脊的火山岩氧化程度更高。弧环境中岩浆氧化还原状态升高的原因存在争议，但通常归因于以下一种或多种情况：（a）源过程：通过从板片携带氧化物质的熔体/流体进行的弧下地幔氧化;（B）地壳分异过程：地壳储存期间的同化和分馏;或（c）喷发和浅层过程：上升和喷发期间的脱气。大多数弧内岩石的研究都集中在火山岩上，它们可能经历了上述部分或全部过程。因此，火山岩是很难从地质记录中理清各种氧化机制的影响。为了了解负责弧岩浆的氧化性质的过程，本研究的重点是时间和成因相关的弧深成岩石从不同的地壳深度使用角闪石中的Fe价态。研究目标有三个方面：（1）在不同氧逸度下，使用高压和高温活塞缸实验合成角闪石颗粒;（2）通过原位，高分辨率同步辐射M？ssbauer谱;（3）第一部分和第二部分的结果在增生塔尔凯特纳弧（阿拉斯加）不同地壳深度的火成岩中的应用。虽然以前已经主要通过本体技术（例如，SMS提供了高空间分辨率和精确度，这对于确定角闪石Fe的亚晶粒形态至关重要，因为这些矿物通常是空间分区的，可以沿沿着边缘和裂缝显示亚固相线蚀变，并包含夹杂物。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

Subduction zones, where one tectonic plate descends beneath another, are fundamental the formation of continental crust, the terra firma upon which humans live, and the generation of important ore deposits. A critical aspect of both of these processes is the exchange of material between the surface and deeper parts of the Earth. Magmas formed at subduction zones reflect this transfer of material through distinctive chemistry suggesting surface-derived material in their source region. One salient example of this is the elevated redox state of subduction zone volcanic rocks, as compared to mid-ocean ridge basalts, which is generally thought to arise from the subduction of oxidized surface material. Although the redox state of volcanic rocks can be assessed through more established methods, the redox state of subduction zone plutonic rocks can be more difficult to assess due to slower cooling rates and lack of appropriate mineral assemblages. This work will expand our knowledge of the redox state of arc magmas through development of a detailed understanding of Fe redox state in a ubiquitous mineral in arc magmas, amphibole, and application of this understanding to a suite of subduction zone plutonic rocks. This work will provide a new tool for the community to implement in the study of subduction zone redox. In addition to scientific contributions, this work will support the scientific training of a female post-doctoral scholar and summer undergraduate researcher at Caltech. Volcanic rocks erupted in subduction zone settings are generally more oxidized than those from mid-ocean ridges. The cause of elevated magmatic redox state in arc environments is controversial but commonly attributed to one or more of the following: (a) source processes: sub-arc mantle oxidation via melts/fluids carrying oxidized species from the slab; (b) crustal differentiation processes: assimilation and fractionation during storage in the crust; or (c) eruption and shallow level processes: degassing during ascent and eruption. Most studies on in arc rocks focus on volcanic rocks, which may have experienced some or all of the above processes. Consequently, volcanic rocks are difficult geological records from which to untangle the effects of various oxidizing mechanisms. To understand the processes responsible for the oxidized nature of arc magmas, this research focuses on temporally and genetically related arc plutonic rocks from different crustal depths using Fe valence state in amphibole. The research objectives are three-fold: (1) synthesis of amphibole grains under varying oxygen fugacities using high-pressure and temperature piston-cylinder experiments; (2) development of a new workflow to quantify both Fe valence state and accommodation mechanism of ferric iron in amphibole via in-situ, high-resolution synchrotron M?ssbauer spectroscopy (SMS); and (3) application of the results of part 1 and 2 to igneous rocks from different crustal depths in the accreted Talkeetna arc (Alaska). Although Fe speciation in amphibole has been characterized previously, primarily through bulk techniques (e.g., wet chemistry), SMS affords high spatial resolution and precision which is critical in determining amphibole Fe speciation at the sub-grain scale, as these minerals are often spatially zoned, can exhibit sub-solidus alteration along rims and fractures, and contain inclusions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.