Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Long Term Cultural Ties Across Environmental Zones

博士论文改进奖：跨环境区域的长期文化联系

• 批准号: 1842447
• 负责人: Lars Fehren-Schmitz
• 金额: $ 3.08万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-11-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1842447&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Long

Humans have the unique ability to adapt and live in a wide variety of challenging environments. Groups living at high altitudes, like in the Peruvian Andes, experience not only physiological challenges but also significant environmental limitations that have the potential to drastically affect productive subsistence practices. In addition to these challenges, ancient populations were subjected to varying levels of influence of large-scale political entities such as the Inca Empire, and/or post-contact colonialism, which likely changed traditional subsistence patterns, community organization, and cultural practices. This project will investigate how individuals as well as communities were able to adapt in order to mediate the effects of environmental challenges and political/cultural changes. The proposed research will address questions surrounding how these challenges affected people's ability to subsist, how changes in political structure altered community organization and cultural practices (i.e. site usage and mortuary practices), and whether there were changes in population composition at the archaeological site of Marcajirca from the Late Intermediate Period (LIP) through the Early Colonial Period (ca. 1000-1640AD). The goal of this research is to complement the work of and provide valuable resources to local archaeologists who are beginning to construct a more detailed picture of human habitation in previously under-researched environments. Dr. Fehren-Schmitz and Mrs. Washburn will utilize a combination of stable isotope (Carbon and Nitrogen) and ancient DNA analysis in order to explore changes in socioeconomic and subsistence patterns. The use of either stable isotope analysis or aDNA can be seen in bio-archaeological projects throughout the Andes; however, it is not common practice to utilize a combination of both methodologies, which if not done has the potential to limit the scope of research projects because each set of data has usable limitations. By combining these two methodologies, this project can address questions of how environmental challenges and cultural/political stability or change ultimately affected community organization and daily life. Moreover, unlike other regions of South America, the under-representation of human aDNA data from within this region inhibits the ability to fully reconstruct South American population density, history and interaction, as well as the impact of European colonization. The data collected for this research will provide key information that will potentially shape fundamental understanding of long-term population development in the Andean highlands.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类具有独特的能力，能够适应和生活在各种各样的挑战性环境中。生活在高海拔地区的群体，如秘鲁安第斯山脉，不仅面临生理挑战，而且面临严重的环境限制，有可能严重影响生产性生计做法。除了这些挑战，古代人口还受到印加帝国等大规模政治实体和/或后接触殖民主义的不同程度的影响，这可能改变了传统的生存模式，社区组织和文化习俗。该项目将调查个人和社区如何能够适应，以调解环境挑战和政治/文化变化的影响。拟议的研究将解决围绕这些挑战如何影响人们的生存能力，政治结构的变化如何改变社区组织和文化习俗（即场地使用和丧葬习俗），以及从中晚期（LIP）到早期殖民时期（ca.），马尔卡吉尔卡考古遗址的人口组成是否发生了变化。公元1000- 1640年）。 这项研究的目标是补充当地考古学家的工作，并为他们提供宝贵的资源，他们正在开始在以前研究不足的环境中构建更详细的人类居住环境。February Schmitz博士和Washburn夫人将利用稳定同位素（碳和氮）和古代DNA分析的组合，以探索社会经济和生存模式的变化。在整个安第斯山脉的生物考古项目中都可以看到稳定同位素分析或aDNA的使用;然而，结合使用这两种方法并不常见，如果不这样做，就有可能限制研究项目的范围，因为每组数据都有可用的局限性。通过结合这两种方法，该项目可以解决环境挑战和文化/政治稳定或变化最终如何影响社区组织和日常生活的问题。此外，与南美洲其他地区不同的是，该地区人类aDNA数据的代表性不足，阻碍了充分重建南美洲人口密度、历史和相互作用以及欧洲殖民影响的能力。为这项研究收集的数据将提供关键信息，这些信息可能会形成对安第斯高地长期人口发展的基本认识。该奖项反映了国家科学基金会的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。