RAISE-EQuIP: Quantum repeater for long-distance quantum communication enabled by non-Gaussian cluster states on a scalable hybrid aluminum nitride and silicon nanophotonic platform

Raise-Equipp：用于长距离量子通信的量子中继器，通过可扩展的混合氮化铝和硅纳米光子平台上的非高斯簇态实现-来自亚利桑那大学的Saikat Guha，Linran Fan，Dan Kilper来自量子物理的原理将实现更优越的计算能力，更好的传感器和安全通信，经证明是任何对手都无法攻破的。这些进展中的大多数将由一种名为量子纠缠的新信息资源来实现。实现量子网络信息基础设施的最重要组成部分之一是量子中继器，这是一种量子中继器，它将位于未来量子互联网的节点上，增强目前的网络路由器。量子信息基础设施能够在长距离高速率地产生和分发纠缠。我们的项目？S的目标是研究、开发和测试量子中继器的设计，该设计将在一个集成的光子平台上紧凑地实现，该平台可以按需产生复杂的多光子纠缠态。该项目的成功完成将使共享纠缠的各种应用成为可能，包括面向未来的安全通信和多方安全计算，用于卓越成像和遥感的纠缠辅助分布式传感器，并将使我们能够实验比目前创建的任何纠缠态更大的纠缠态，从而在化学和高能物理等领域实现新的科学发现。尽管我们的主要目的是研究可扩展的量子中继器的片上设计，但理论工作将帮助我们加深对构建使用光子编码量子比特的通用和专用量子处理器的深入理解，而我们将设计的多功能纳米光子平台将对各种量子使能光子信息处理以及应用于分布式传感和分布式基于云的量子计算具有价值。由于量子信息科学的高度跨学科性质，特别是我们的项目团队，我们的教育和推广计划将在培养物理、光学、电气和材料科学与工程、计算机网络理论和数学交叉领域的多样化和强大的劳动力方面产生特别广泛的影响。建造量子中继器的最大挑战是缺乏高质量的量子存储器，缺乏高速率的高保真物质-光子纠缠源，以及高效的量子保态频率转换，以使电信波长的量子光子与量子存储和处理单元兼容。我们的项目？S的目标是研究和开发一种不需要量子存储器或量子相互转换的量子中继器的设计，而是使用一个由多个光子模式的本地产生的复杂纠缠态组成的集成光子源，通过使用针对光子损失的量子纠错提供逻辑量子比特(Qbit)的虚拟存储来取代量子存储器的作用。这样的中继器被称为全光子中继器，我们团队的成员最近已经提出并进行了研究。但此类中继器的现有工作需要数百万个近乎完美的单光子源和探测器，以及在每个中继器节点提供极低损耗的线性光波导。我们的主要见解是开发一种替代方案，利用最近展示的数千模的光子多模压缩纠缠态作为簇源，但紧凑地构建在氮化铝-硅混合光子平台上，并在这些模的子集上使用光子数检测来将其转换为具有普遍量子能力的编码簇态，并在所谓的薛定谔类量子比特的基础上开发一种新的逻辑量子比特编码到该“非高斯”簇态。该项目的目标是：(1)建立技术上可行的基于连续变量(CV)纠缠簇源的全光子量子中继器的理论设计原则；(2)开发一个紧凑、通用的集成纳米光子平台，用于产生和操纵CV簇态；(3)实现按需高速率直接产生非高斯万能团簇，以及(4)第一次测量超过纠缠产生的基本直接传输率上限的一条量子中继器链路上的纠缠分布。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

RAISE-EQuIP: Quantum repeater for long-distance quantum communication enabled by non-Gaussian cluster states on a scalable hybrid aluminum nitride and silicon nanophotonic platformSaikat Guha, Linran Fan, Dan Kilper, University of ArizonaPrinciples from quantum physics will enable far superior computational capabilities, better sensors and secure communications that are provably unbreakable by any adversary. Most of these advancements will be enabled by a new information resource called quantum entanglement. One of the most important building blocks to realize a quantum-enabled network information infrastructure that is capable of generating and distributing entanglement at high rates over long distances is the quantum repeater a quantum enabled processor that will sit at the node of the future quantum internet, augmenting the current-day network router. Our project?s goal is to research, develop and test a design for the quantum repeater, which will be realized compactly in an integrated photonic platform that produces complex many-photon entangled states on demand. The successful completion of this project will enable various applications of shared entanglement, including future-proof secure communications and multi-party secure computations, entanglement-assisted distributed sensors for far superior imaging and remote sensing, and will enable new science discoveries in areas such as chemistry and high-energy physics by letting us experiment with entangled states larger than any created so far. Even though our main thrust is to research a scalable on-chip design of a quantum repeater, the theoretical work will help us develop a deep understanding of building general and special-purpose quantum processors that use photons to encode the qubit, whereas the versatile nanophotonic platform we will design will be of value to various quantum enabled photonic information processing with applications to distributed sensing and distributed cloud-based quantum computing. Because of the highly-interdisciplinary nature of quantum information science, and our project team in particular, our education and outreach program will have a particularly broad impact in training a diverse and strong workforce at the intersection of physics, optical sciences, electrical and material science and engineering, computer network theory, and mathematics. The biggest challenge in building a quantum repeater has been the lack of good-quality quantum memories, high-rate good-fidelity matter-photon entanglement sources, and high-efficiency quantum-state-preserving frequency interconversion so as to make a telecom-wavelength quantum photon be compatible with the quantum storage and processing units. Our project?s goal is to research and develop a design of a quantum repeater that does not need quantum memories or quantum interconversion, but uses an integrated photonic source of locally-generated complex entangled states of many photonic modes to replace the action of the quantum memory by providing virtual storage of a logical quantum bit (qubit) using quantum error correction against photon loss. Such repeaters, known as all-photonic repeaters, have been proposed and recently researched by members of our team. But existing work on such repeaters need millions of near-perfect single-photon sources and detectors, along with extremely low-loss linear-optical waveguides be supplied at each repeater node. Our key insight is to develop an alternative scheme that leverages recently-demonstrated photonic multi-mode-squeezed entangled states of thousands of modes as the cluster source, but built compactly on a hybrid Aluminum Nitride - Silicon photonic platform, and use photon number detection on a subset of those modes to cast that into a universal-quantum-capable coded cluster state and develop a new logical qubit encoding into that "non-Gaussian" cluster state in a so-called Schrodinger-cat-like qubit basis. The goals of this project are: (1) establishing the theoretical design principles of a technologically-feasible all-photonic quantum repeater based on a continuous-variable (CV) entangled cluster source, (2) developing a compact, versatile integrated nanophotonic platform for generating and manipulating CV cluster states, (3) realizing direct on-demand generation of non-Gaussian universal clusters at high rates, and (4) the first measurement of entanglement distribution over one quantum repeater link that exceeds the fundamental direct-transmission rate upper limit for entanglement generation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.