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Geographic mobility, lexical processing dynamics, and perceptual adaptation

地理流动性、词汇处理动态和知觉适应

基本信息

批准号：
1843454
负责人：
Cynthia Clopper
金额：
$ 20.89万
依托单位：
Ohio State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-06-01 至 2024-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1843454&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Geographic mobility lexical processing dynamics

项目摘要

Americans are geographically mobile: the US Census Bureau reports that over the last decade, approximately 11% of Americans have moved each year, including nearly 2% of Americans who have moved each year to a different state. When people move to a new place, they are likely to encounter people who speak with a dialect that differs from their own. In addition, even non-mobile people who live in urban areas are likely to encounter people who have moved to the city from a place with a different dialect. As a result of this geographic mobility, Americans are exposed to substantial variation in regional dialects throughout the lifespan. Some recent research suggests that exposure to different dialects as a result of geographic mobility affects how speech is processed in real time. In particular, greater exposure to dialect variation appears to make people more flexible in their parsing of the speech signal, potentially leading to more successful communication with people who speak unfamiliar dialects. The goal of this project is to understand how this flexibility in processing arises. An investigation of the factors underlying processing flexibility due to geographic mobility will allow for a consideration of how processing dialect variation compares to processing other difficult kinds of speech (such as fast speech, foreign-accented speech, and speech in noise or with an auditory prosthesis such as a cochlear implant), which has substantial implications for understanding the constraints on human flexibility in speech processing.The project will examine whether the processing flexibility observed among mobile people is limited to the specific dialects to which a listener has been exposed or applies more generally to all unfamiliar dialects. It will also examine how the number of dialects that a person has exposure to and when that exposure occurs (for example, in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood) affects their processing flexibility for both familiar and unfamiliar dialects. Flexibility in speech processing will be examined in a series of speech perception experiments assessing the time course of word recognition and of adaptation to unfamiliar regional dialects. The specificity of the processing mechanism will be assessed by examining speech processing as a function of familiarity with particular regional dialects, such as Northern, Southern, and Mid-Atlantic American English. The effects of the amount and timing of dialect exposure will be assessed by recruiting a large sample of adult participants with a range of residential histories and travel experiences. All of the data collection for the project will be conducted in a language research laboratory that is located within a science museum in central Ohio. Study participants will be recruited from among the museum visitors, leading to direct public engagement with the research. Outreach materials related to the project will also be developed for the participants and other museum visitors to broaden the public impact of the work beyond the scholarly community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国人在地理上是移动的：美国人口普查局报告称，在过去十年中，每年大约有11%的美国人搬家，其中近2%的美国人每年搬到不同的州。当人们搬到一个新的地方时，他们很可能会遇到说着与他们不同方言的人。此外，即使是生活在城市地区的非流动人口也可能遇到从一个地方搬到城市的人，他们说的是不同的方言。由于这种地理上的流动性，美国人在一生中都会接触到地区方言的巨大变化。最近的一些研究表明，由于地理上的流动性，接触不同的方言会影响真实的语音处理。特别是，更多地接触方言变化似乎使人们在分析语音信号时更加灵活，可能会导致与说不熟悉方言的人更成功的沟通。这个项目的目标是了解这种处理的灵活性是如何产生的。由于地理流动性，对处理灵活性的潜在因素的调查将允许考虑如何处理方言变化与处理其他困难类型的语音相比（例如快速语音、外国口音语音和噪声中的语音或使用听觉假体（例如耳蜗植入物）的语音），这对理解人类在语音处理中的灵活性的限制具有实质性的意义。该项目将研究在移动的人中观察到的处理灵活性是否仅限于听众所接触的特定方言，或更普遍地适用于所有不熟悉的方言。它还将研究一个人接触的方言数量以及接触发生的时间（例如，在童年，青春期或成年期）如何影响他们对熟悉和不熟悉方言的处理灵活性。在言语处理的灵活性将在一系列的言语感知实验评估的时间过程中的单词识别和适应不熟悉的地区方言进行检查。处理机制的特异性将通过检查语音处理作为熟悉特定区域方言的函数来评估，例如北方、南方和大西洋中部美国英语。方言暴露的数量和时间的影响将通过招募具有一系列居住历史和旅行经历的成年参与者的大样本来评估。该项目的所有数据收集将在位于俄亥俄州中部科学博物馆内的语言研究实验室进行。研究参与者将从博物馆参观者中招募，导致公众直接参与研究。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。