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The Social Networks of Ethnic Minority Group Speakers in Washington State

华盛顿州少数族裔群体发言人的社交网络

基本信息

批准号：
1844350
负责人：
Alicia Wassink
金额：
$ 31.18万
依托单位：
University of Washington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-03-15 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1844350&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Social Networks Ethnic Minority Group

项目摘要

This research investigates the linkages between social network composition, ethnicity and linguistic structure. Spoken language use reflects many factors, including cognitive constraints on production and perception of sound, speech community membership, and cultural practices, among others. This study models the interrelationships between these factors and participation in regional sound changes or resistance to change, bilectal use of mainstream English together with a heritage language variety used in the local speech community, or monolectal use of an ethnic variety of English. The study site is Washington state. Unlike many places in the United States where ethnic groups settled into small communities with relatively insular social networks (resulting in the famous ethnic enclaves of the East coast and Inland North), the Pacific Northwest has long been characterized by regional and social mobility. The notion of "community" itself is complex, but requires better understanding as non-white, mobile individuals become a larger part of the US population. This study also uses practice-based, rather than assignment-based methods for determining ethnic group membership. General practice in the language sciences in North America has been to sample primarily from majority-ethnicity groups in a speech community. The assumption taken has been that non-white speakers do not participate in regional sound changes, but are embedded in separate speech communities defined by shared ethnic identity. While partly true, this assumption has been shown to be a vast oversimplification. There is scholarship showing that speakers' use of ethnolectal forms is not predicted by race as much as by social network composition. But complex social models need to be better-integrated into linguistic research. Race has been conflated with ethnicity, for one thing. Race (physical appearance or genetic heritage), rather than ethnicity (cultural heritage, practice, and perceived affiliation) has been used as an initial tool for constructing research samples, leading to a priori determinations about speech community membership. This project utilizes social network measures of localness of affective network, homophily (similarity-based affiliation), network range, and referential network. Linguistic data are drawn from vowel system recordings and measures of the acoustic cues to phonetic production, focusing on sets of features known to be associated with mainstream as well as local dialects. Spoken data provide the stimuli for cross-dialect testing of listener sensitivity to fine-grained, time-varying differences in sound. The result is a model of participation in linguistic change relevant for mobile, non-white Pacific Northwest speakers, contributing to sociolinguistic theorization of dialect evolution and interethnic contact, as well as listeners' use of social information in the perception of phonetic variation. The study involves collaboration between researchers at the University of Washington, and Heritage University, located on Yakama First Nation lands in Toppenish, Washington.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本研究探讨了社会网络构成、种族和语言结构之间的联系。口语使用反映了许多因素，包括对声音产生和感知的认知限制，言语社区成员资格和文化习俗等。本研究模型这些因素之间的相互关系和参与区域声音的变化或阻力的变化，双语使用的主流英语连同在当地语言社区使用的遗产语言品种，或单语使用的英语种族品种。研究中心为华盛顿州。在美国的许多地方，少数民族聚居在小社区中，社交网络相对封闭（形成了著名的东海岸和内陆北部的少数民族飞地），而太平洋西北地区则不同，长期以来一直具有地区和社会流动性的特点。“社区”的概念本身是复杂的，但需要更好地理解，因为非白人，移动的个人成为美国人口的更大部分。这项研究还使用基于实践的方法，而不是基于分配的方法来确定族裔群体成员。北美语言科学的一般做法是主要从语言社区的多数族裔群体中取样。所采取的假设是，非白人扬声器不参与区域的声音变化，但嵌入在由共同的种族身份定义的单独的语音社区。虽然部分正确，但这种假设已被证明是一个巨大的过度简化。有学术研究表明，说话人使用民族语言形式不是由种族预测的，而是由社会网络组成预测的。但复杂的社会模型需要更好地融入语言学研究。首先，种族与民族混为一谈。种族（外貌或遗传），而不是种族（文化遗产，实践和感知的隶属关系）已被用作构建研究样本的初始工具，导致有关言语社区成员的先验确定。本研究利用社会网络的测量方法，包括情感网络的局部性、同质性（基于相似性的联系）、网络范围和参考网络。语言数据来自元音系统录音和语音生产的声学线索的措施，专注于已知与主流以及地方方言相关的功能集。口语数据为跨方言测试提供了刺激，测试听众对声音中细粒度、随时间变化的差异的敏感度。其结果是一个模型，参与语言变化相关的移动的，非白人太平洋西北地区的发言者，有助于社会语言学理论的方言演变和种族间的接触，以及听众的使用社会信息的感知语音变化。这项研究涉及华盛顿大学和传统大学的研究人员之间的合作，该大学位于华盛顿Toppenish的Yakama第一民族土地上。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。