BTT EAGER: Mitotic Recombination between Homologous Chromosomes

BTT EAGER：同源染色体之间的有丝分裂重组

• 批准号: 1844705
• 负责人: Anne Britt
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1844705&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BTT; EAGER; Mitotic; Recombination; between

All the individuals of a given species carry the same genes. What makes one individual different from another is its unique combination of alleles (versions) of those genes. By crossing plants carrying different sets of alleles, crop breeders can create new crop varieties, with new combinations of alleles. However, because genes are clustered together on chromosomes, a desirable allele of one gene may be located very close to an undesirable allele of another gene on the same chromosome. The close clustering, or linkage of genes means that both the desirable and undesirable alleles are inherited together. This research provides tools that allow the plant breeder to separate or replace alleles of linked genes. This technology accelerates the rate at which new and improved crop varieties can be produced. This is an important goal, as the development of new crop varieties is an ongoing race with the evolution of new varieties of pathogens, increasing demand from an expanding world population, unpredictable climate, and the degradation of existing farmland. Food security -worldwide, not just at home- is an essential aspect of our national security.CRISPR technologies provide a remarkably specific and efficient means for the generation of targeted DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in plants. Error-prone end-to-end joining of CRISPR induced breaks can generate targeted mutations and translocations; repair via homologous recombination (HR) can create new alleles or new combinations of alleles. CRISPR-induced HR events are relatively rare in plants. Tools developed here proposal improve the efficiency of HR. While this technology applies to any HR-dependent event, specifically interest is in the facilitation of recombination between endogenous preexisting alleles. This technology greatly enhances the speed and specificity of the development of new plant lines, both for breeding and for research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

一个特定物种的所有个体都携带相同的基因。使一个个体与另一个个体不同的是这些基因的等位基因（版本）的独特组合。通过杂交携带不同等位基因的植物，作物育种者可以创造出具有等位基因新组合的新作物品种。然而，由于基因在染色体上聚集在一起，一个基因的理想等位基因可能与同一染色体上另一个基因的不理想等位基因非常接近。基因的紧密聚类或连锁意味着理想的和不理想的等位基因一起遗传。这项研究为植物育种者分离或替换连锁基因的等位基因提供了工具。这项技术加快了新品种和改良作物的生产速度。这是一个重要的目标，因为随着病原体新品种的进化、世界人口不断增长的需求、不可预测的气候和现有农田的退化，新作物品种的开发是一场持续的竞赛。粮食安全——不仅是国内的，而且是全世界的——是我们国家安全的一个重要方面。CRISPR技术为在植物中产生靶向DNA双链断裂（DSBs）提供了一种非常具体和有效的方法。CRISPR诱导断裂的端到端连接容易出错，可产生靶向突变和易位；同源重组修复可以产生新的等位基因或新的等位基因组合。crispr诱导的HR事件在植物中相对罕见。这里开发的工具建议提高人力资源的效率。虽然这项技术适用于任何hr依赖性事件，但特别感兴趣的是促进内源性预先存在的等位基因之间的重组。这项技术大大提高了培育和研究新植物品系的速度和特异性。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。