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Doctoral Dissertation Research: Dental function and tooth wear in the evolution of primate molar form

博士论文研究：灵长类动物臼齿形态演化中的牙齿功能和牙齿磨损

基本信息

批准号：
1846153
负责人：
Kaye Reed
金额：
$ 2.17万
依托单位：
Arizona State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-03-01 至 2020-02-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1846153&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Research Dental function

项目摘要

Old World monkeys are the most geographically widespread and ecologically diverse group of living primates, with a wide range of diets made possible by the combination of their gut adaptations and the unique shape of their molar teeth. Old World monkeys acquired "bilophodont" molars, with cusps united into two pairs of wedges, soon after diverging from a last common ancestor with apes. This doctoral dissertation project will investigate the functional significance of this shift in molar form, drawing upon, and contributing to, a framework that considers how dental wear alters the shape and function of teeth throughout an organism's life. This project will also provide opportunities for public outreach and undergraduate research engagement, including students traditionally underrepresented in STEM careers. The large number of 3D scans generated by this project will be made publicly available through MorphoSource, where they can have further use for scientific and educational purposes. Primates, like all herbivorous mammals, face selective pressures to maintain function of their permanent teeth in the face of tooth wear. This project will use 3D dental topographic methods to measure the shearing and crushing/grinding potential of molars at varying wear stages in a sample of extant and fossil catarrhines (i.e., Old World monkeys, apes, and humans). First, the investigators will establish a baseline of how extant catarrhine molars are altered by macroscopic wear and use phylogenetic comparative methods to test whether diet or tooth morphology has a greater influence on maintenance of shearing function. Second, these methods will be applied to measure the shearing and crushing/grinding potential from molars of Oligocene and Miocene catarrhines. While extant Old World monkeys have two fully developed lophs on their molars, early members of this clade exhibit partial loph development in some molars. The investigators will test whether these early stages of bilophodonty gave stem cercopithecoids greater persistence of certain tooth functions relative to their non-cercopithecoid catarrhine relatives. Ultimately, this project will contribute to our understanding of the functional origins underlying a key adaptation that contributes to the dietary flexibility and evolutionary success of Old World monkeys.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

旧大陆猴是现存灵长类动物中地理分布最广、生态最多样化的一群，它们的肠道适应性和臼齿的独特形状使它们的饮食范围广泛成为可能。旧大陆的猴子在与猿类的最后一个共同祖先分离后不久，就获得了“双齿”臼齿，其尖端结合成两对楔形。这个博士论文项目将研究这种磨牙形式转变的功能意义，借鉴并有助于建立一个框架，该框架考虑牙齿磨损如何在整个生物体的生命中改变牙齿的形状和功能。该项目还将为公众宣传和本科生研究参与提供机会，包括传统上在STEM职业中代表性不足的学生。该项目生成的大量3D扫描将通过MorphoSource公开提供，在那里它们可以进一步用于科学和教育目的。灵长类动物，像所有的食草哺乳动物，面临选择性的压力，以保持其恒牙的功能，在面对牙齿磨损。该项目将使用3D牙科地形方法来测量现存和化石卡他鼻样本中不同磨损阶段磨牙的剪切和压碎/研磨潜力（即，旧大陆的猴子、猿和人类）。首先，研究人员将建立一个基线，现存的卡他鼻磨牙是如何改变宏观磨损，并使用系统发育比较方法来测试是否饮食或牙齿形态有更大的影响剪切功能的维护。第二，这些方法将被应用到测量剪切和破碎/研磨从渐新世和中新世卡他林磨牙的潜力。虽然现存的旧大陆猴子的臼齿上有两个完全发育的舌突，但该分支的早期成员在一些臼齿上表现出部分舌突发育。研究人员将测试这些早期阶段的bilophodonty是否给干猴猴科动物更大的持久性，某些牙齿功能相对于他们的非猴猴科动物卡他鼻亲戚。最终，这个项目将有助于我们理解一个关键适应的功能起源，有助于饮食的灵活性和旧世界猴子的进化成功。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。