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Doctoral Dissertation Research: Dental function and tooth wear in the evolution of primate molar form

博士论文研究：灵长类动物臼齿形态演化中的牙齿功能和牙齿磨损

基本信息

批准号：
1846153
负责人：
Kaye Reed
金额：
$ 2.17万
依托单位：
Arizona State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-03-01 至 2020-02-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1846153&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Research Dental function

项目摘要

Old World monkeys are the most geographically widespread and ecologically diverse group of living primates, with a wide range of diets made possible by the combination of their gut adaptations and the unique shape of their molar teeth. Old World monkeys acquired "bilophodont" molars, with cusps united into two pairs of wedges, soon after diverging from a last common ancestor with apes. This doctoral dissertation project will investigate the functional significance of this shift in molar form, drawing upon, and contributing to, a framework that considers how dental wear alters the shape and function of teeth throughout an organism's life. This project will also provide opportunities for public outreach and undergraduate research engagement, including students traditionally underrepresented in STEM careers. The large number of 3D scans generated by this project will be made publicly available through MorphoSource, where they can have further use for scientific and educational purposes. Primates, like all herbivorous mammals, face selective pressures to maintain function of their permanent teeth in the face of tooth wear. This project will use 3D dental topographic methods to measure the shearing and crushing/grinding potential of molars at varying wear stages in a sample of extant and fossil catarrhines (i.e., Old World monkeys, apes, and humans). First, the investigators will establish a baseline of how extant catarrhine molars are altered by macroscopic wear and use phylogenetic comparative methods to test whether diet or tooth morphology has a greater influence on maintenance of shearing function. Second, these methods will be applied to measure the shearing and crushing/grinding potential from molars of Oligocene and Miocene catarrhines. While extant Old World monkeys have two fully developed lophs on their molars, early members of this clade exhibit partial loph development in some molars. The investigators will test whether these early stages of bilophodonty gave stem cercopithecoids greater persistence of certain tooth functions relative to their non-cercopithecoid catarrhine relatives. Ultimately, this project will contribute to our understanding of the functional origins underlying a key adaptation that contributes to the dietary flexibility and evolutionary success of Old World monkeys.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

旧大陆猴是现存灵长类动物中地理分布最广、生态最多样化的一群，它们的肠道适应性和臼齿的独特形状使其饮食范围广泛成为可能。旧大陆的猴子在与猿类的最后一个共同祖先分化后不久，就获得了“双尖齿”臼齿，尖牙结合成两对楔形。这个博士论文项目将研究这种磨牙形态变化的功能意义，借鉴并贡献一个框架，考虑牙齿磨损如何在整个生物体的生命中改变牙齿的形状和功能。该项目还将为公众宣传和本科生研究参与提供机会，包括传统上在STEM职业中代表性不足的学生。由该项目生成的大量3D扫描将通过MorphoSource公开，在那里它们可以进一步用于科学和教育目的。灵长类动物和所有食草哺乳动物一样，在牙齿磨损的情况下面临着维持恒牙功能的选择压力。该项目将使用3D牙科地形学方法来测量现存和化石卡氏猴（即旧大陆猴子、猿和人类）样本在不同磨损阶段磨牙的剪切和破碎/研磨潜力。首先，研究人员将建立一个现有的卡氏磨牙是如何被宏观磨损改变的基线，并使用系统发育比较方法来测试饮食或牙齿形态对维持剪切功能的影响更大。其次，将这些方法应用于渐新世和中新世卡他林磨牙的剪切和破碎/研磨电位测量。现存的旧大陆猴在臼齿上有两个完全发育的臼齿，而这一分支的早期成员在某些臼齿上表现出部分的臼齿发育。研究人员将测试这些早期的胆突发育是否使干颈硬体相对于其非颈硬体近亲具有更强的某些牙齿功能。最终，这个项目将有助于我们了解旧大陆猴子饮食灵活性和进化成功的关键适应的功能起源。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。