CAREER: Gulf of Maine Temperature Trends and Variability from the early Holocene to the Present

职业：从全新世早期到现在缅因湾的温度趋势和变化

• 批准号: 1847742
• 负责人: Katherine Allen
• 金额: $ 58.41万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1847742&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Gulf; Maine; Temperature; Trends

The Gulf of Maine supports a highly productive marine ecosystem extending from Cape Cod to Nova Scotia. Ocean temperatures in this region are sensitive to changes in the relative influx of colder currents from the north and warmer currents from the south, which are ultimately linked to the greater regional and global ocean-atmosphere circulation. From 2004 to 2013, the Gulf of Maine warmed faster than 99% of the world's oceans, but the processes driving recent temperature change here are not fully understood. A deeper understanding of oceanographic trends on time scales beyond instrumental records (older than ~100 years) can elucidate the causes of change, determine whether abrupt changes have happened in the past, and shed light on environmental impacts on past coastal communities. This project brings together a multi-disciplinary team of researchers and Native American students in New England, who will conduct a 10-day research expedition in the Gulf and delve into the region's past using geochemical evidence buried in ancient marine sediments. Results and research experiences of students will be shared with the broader community via development of an innovative multi-media online storytelling environment and through partnership with local schools. The project has the potential to enhance long-term environmental prediction and planning in an area where human populations and ocean ecosystems have been interlinked for millennia.Long-term records of ocean temperature and seawater oxygen isotope composition (d18O) will be reconstructed from the magnesium to calcium ratio (Mg/Ca) and d18O of fossil foraminiferal calcite derived from a suite of sediment cores from the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf and Slope. High-resolution (~100 to 200-year interval) records will extend from the start of the Holocene ~11,600 years ago to the present, providing insight into long-term temperature trends as well as any abrupt changes. In addition to traditional whole-shell geochemical analysis, micro-analysis of individual foraminiferal specimens will be conducted to provide complementary data for assessing environmental variability. A research cruise in the Gulf of Maine will provide sediment-core and plankton-tow material as well as hydrographic data for refinement and regional calibration of the geochemical proxies. One key goal is to test and extend the Mg/Ca-temperature calibration for a common high-latitude foraminifer species, Neogloboquadrina incompta. In parallel with paleoceanographic research, artifacts from coastal archaeological sites will be radiocarbon-dated to refine the chronology of fishing practices in the region. In particular, the beginning and end of intensive sword-fishing in coastal communities will be re-dated and reassessed in light of new paleotemperature data. All work will be carried out by a team of high school, undergraduate, and graduate students who will gain both technical and communications training in partnership with the Wabanaki Center and the New Media and Internet Technologies Lab at the University of Maine. In addition to developing online narratives that can be widely shared, high school students will practice presenting their research verbally to different groups, including at national meetings. A diverse team of women and men, including a member of the Penobscot Nation, will collaborate to guide and mentor students through the scientific process and to help them develop a voice that can effectively reach diverse audiences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

缅因州湾支持从科德角到新斯科舍省的高产海洋生态系统。这一区域的海洋温度对来自北方的较冷洋流和来自南方的较暖洋流的相对流入量的变化很敏感，这最终与更大的区域和全球海洋-大气环流有关。从2004年到2013年，缅因州海湾的变暖速度比世界上99%的海洋都快，但驱动最近温度变化的过程还没有完全了解。在仪器记录（超过100年）的时间尺度上更深入地了解海洋学趋势，可以阐明变化的原因，确定过去是否发生过突变，并揭示对过去沿海社区的环境影响。该项目汇集了一个由新英格兰的研究人员和美洲原住民学生组成的多学科团队，他们将在墨西哥湾进行为期10天的研究考察，并利用埋藏在古代海洋沉积物中的地球化学证据深入研究该地区的过去。学生的成果和研究经验将通过开发一个创新的多媒体在线讲故事的环境，并通过与当地学校的伙伴关系与更广泛的社区分享。该项目有可能在人类和海洋生态系统几千年来相互联系的地区加强长期环境预测和规划，将根据镁钙比（Mg/Ca）重建海洋温度和海水氧同位素组成（d18 O）的长期记录。和d18 O的有孔虫方解石化石来自一套沉积物岩心从缅因州和斯科舍陆架和斜坡。高分辨率（约100至200年的间隔）记录将从约11，600年前的全新世开始延伸到现在，提供长期温度趋势以及任何突变的洞察力。除了传统的全壳地球化学分析外，还将对单个有孔虫标本进行微观分析，为评估环境变异性提供补充数据。在缅因州湾进行的一次研究航行将提供沉积物岩心和南极洲拖曳物材料以及水文数据，用于地球化学代用品的改进和区域校准。一个关键的目标是测试和扩展镁/钙温度校准一个常见的高纬度有孔虫物种，Neogloboquadrina incompta。在进行古海洋学研究的同时，将对沿海考古遗址的文物进行放射性碳年代测定，以完善该地区捕鱼做法的年表。特别是，将根据新的古温度数据，重新确定和评估沿海社区密集用剑捕鱼的开始和结束日期。所有工作都将由高中生、本科生和研究生组成的团队进行，他们将与Wabanaki中心以及缅因州大学新媒体和互联网技术实验室合作获得技术和通信培训。除了开发可以广泛分享的在线叙事外，高中生还将练习口头向不同的团体介绍他们的研究，包括在全国性会议上。一个由女性和男性组成的多元化团队，包括一名Penobscot Nation的成员，将合作指导和指导学生通过科学过程，并帮助他们发展能够有效地接触不同受众的声音。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。