Collaborative Research: A New Ground-magnetometer for inner Magnetospheric Array Geospace Studies (iMAGS)

合作研究：用于内部磁层阵列地理空间研究的新型地面磁力计（iMAGS）

• 批准号: 1848730
• 负责人: Endawoke Yizengaw
• 金额: $ 65.1万
• 依托单位: Aerospace Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1848730&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; New; Ground; magnetometer

Space weather refers to the dynamics of the Earth's space environment due to solar disturbances that directly impact technological systems such as satellite navigation and communication systems, power grids, and ground-and-aircraft-based HF radio communication. There are significant variations in space weather effects depending on latitude, local time, and longitude. These variations have not been well studied due to sparsity of ground-based instrumentation. Severe space weather is a natural hazard with significant impact to global society (e.g., aircraft, communications, satellite systems, power grids). According to a Lloyd's of London report on Solar Storm Risk to the North American Electric Grid (2013), "simulations of extreme geomagnetic storms suggest that the total human population at risk of extended [power] outage; ranges between 20-40 million in the at-risk areas, with durations of 16 days up to 1-2 years". This project will (1) develop a new generation of low-cost ground-based magnetometer instrumentation, (2) develop a unified operation and maintenance approach of existing American sector magnetometers, and (3) enable the exploration of small and meso-scale ionospheric disturbances and currents by creating a network of dense closely-spaced arrays of magnetometers. This will enable better understanding of the natural hazard from space weather, lead to better predictions, and allow for better preparedness with an infrastructure for advanced warnings of changes in the space weather environment. This project will develop a new research quality, low-cost and low-power ground magnetometer to rejuvenate and revitalize existing ground-magnetometer arrays. The new Magneto-Inductive magnetometer technology has been developed for small satellites with support from NASA and this proposal requests funds to leverage this technology to develop, build, test, deploy and analyze data from a new ground based sensor package. The UM Ground Magnetometer currently has a resolution of about 1 nT and a noise floor of about 5 pT/root(Hz) @ 1 Hz and draws less than 100 mW including a GPS receiver for time stamping, and a microcontroller. A "smart-power-cycling" integrated wireless communication system (WiFi, Cellular or Iridium modems) enables the system to be stand alone and run on batteries and solar panels even in high-latitude auroral zone stations. The instruments will be deployed in a meridional chain augmenting or replacing MEASURE and SAMBA magnetometers in the American sector to remote sense the plasmapause, study ULF wave propagation and small-scale current systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

空间天气是指由于太阳扰动而导致的地球空间环境的动态，太阳扰动直接影响卫星导航和通信系统、电网以及地面和飞机短波无线电通信等技术系统。根据纬度、当地时间和经度的不同，空间天气影响有很大的差异。由于地面仪器的稀疏性，这些变化没有得到很好的研究。恶劣的空间天气是一种对全球社会具有重大影响的自然灾害(例如，飞机、通信、卫星系统、电网)。根据伦敦劳合社关于太阳风暴对北美电网的风险的报告(2013年)，“对极端地磁风暴的模拟表明，面临长期停电风险的人口总数在2,000万至4,000万之间，持续时间为16天至1-2年”。该项目将(1)开发新一代低成本地面磁强计仪器，(2)制定现有美国扇形磁强计的统一操作和维护办法，(3)通过建立密集、紧密间隔的磁强计阵列网络，能够探索小尺度和中尺度的电离层扰动和电流。这将使人们能够更好地了解空间气象造成的自然灾害，从而进行更好的预测，并通过建立空间气象环境变化预警基础设施，更好地做好准备。该项目将开发一种新的研究质量、低成本和低功率的地面磁强计，以振兴和振兴现有的地面磁强计阵列。新的磁感应磁强计技术是在NASA的支持下为小卫星开发的，该提案要求提供资金，以利用这项技术来开发、建造、测试、部署和分析来自新的陆基传感器组件的数据。UM地面磁力计目前的分辨率约为1nT，噪声下限约为5pT/根(赫兹)@1赫兹，所吸引的功率不到100兆瓦，包括用于时间戳的GPS接收器和微控制器。“智能动力循环”集成无线通信系统(WiFi、蜂窝或Iridium调制解调器)使该系统能够独立运行，即使在高纬度极光区站也可以依靠电池和太阳能电池板运行。这些仪器将部署在子午链上，以增强或取代美国部门的测量和Samba磁强计，以遥测等离子体顶层、研究超低频波传播和小规模电流系统。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Forcing From Lower Thermosphere and Quiet Time Scintillation Longitudinal Dependence

• DOI: 10.1029/2020sw002610
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Space Weather
• 作者: E. Yizengaw;K. Groves

Investigating the Role of Gravity Waves on Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularities Using TIMED/SABER and C/NOFS Satellite Observations

使用 TIMED/SABER 和 C/NOFS 卫星观测研究重力波对赤道电离层不规则性的作用

• DOI: 10.3390/atmos13091414
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Atmosphere
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Nigussie, Melessew;Moldwin, Mark;Yizengaw, Endawoke
• 通讯作者: Yizengaw, Endawoke

On the Assessment of Daily Equatorial Plasma Bubble Occurrence Modeling and Forecasting

日常赤道等离子体气泡发生建模与预报的评估

• DOI: 10.1029/2020sw002555
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Space Weather
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Carter, B. A.;Currie, J. L.;Dao, T.;Yizengaw, E.;Retterer, J.;Terkildsen, M.;Groves, K.;Caton, R.
• 通讯作者: Caton, R.

Intense Equatorial Electrojet and Counter Electrojet Caused by the 15 January 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption: Space‐ and Ground‐Based Observations

2022 年 1 月 15 日汤加火山喷发引起的强烈赤道电射流和反电射流：基于太空和地面的观测

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099002
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Le, Guan;Liu, Guiping;Yizengaw, Endawoke;Englert, Christoph R.
• 通讯作者: Englert, Christoph R.

Thoughts from a past AGU SPA fellows committee

• DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2022.1054343
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 作者: A. Halford;A. Burrell;E. Yizengaw;V. Bothmer;Brett A. Carter;J. Raymond;A. Maute;M. Samara