Disparate Pathways to Working Longer, Retiring, or Other Exits

出生于1946-64年的婴儿潮一代正在以前所未有的数量进入并度过传统的退休年龄，尽管传统的退休保护和期望正在瓦解。现有的对早期退休人群的研究并没有完全捕捉到婴儿潮一代男性和女性可能经历的短期工作时间和劳动力路径和过渡的时间，顺序和非自愿性。该项目研究了50多岁，60多岁和70多岁的女性和男性在成年后期的经历。该项目评估谁的工作时间更长，以及退出和重新就业的时间。该项目还研究了这些动态是否在弱势工人和弱势工人之间存在差异。 该项目将评估工作时间延长是否对个人及其家庭的财务可持续性有影响，或按年龄划分的安全网的有效程度。 这项工作的科学进展将为政策干预措施的制定提供信息，促进延长工作时间和无报酬社区参与的可能性。鉴于婴儿潮时期出生的女性和男性中有相当多的人正在考虑或正在经历劳动力市场的转型，使他们从社会包容走向社会排斥，从而脱离社会主流，这些见解至关重要。该项目绘制了超过85万名年龄在50至75岁之间的女性和男性在8个时间点上的短期劳动力星座图，捕捉了排序和时间方面的相似性和差异。该项目利用了1998年至2018年相关的当前人口调查（CPS）月度面板数据，随后使用了2020年的数据。CPS对个人进行长达16个月的调查，这允许研究劳动力进入情况，并在此期间存在。 该项目利用序列和多层次分析，确定了按社会位置划分的劳动力格局中不平等的影响，包括年龄、性别、教育、种族/民族和出生地的差异，以及地理社会位置。该项目将捕捉当代的复杂性，异质性和不平等，在短期16个月的工作时间/劳动力和家庭生活安排动态的婴儿潮一代的妇女，男子和夫妇，检查婴儿潮一代和他们之前的队列的经验的相似性和差异。该项目将评估资源的预测效果，如先前的健康，收入和工作任期，结合不利的社会地位和地理位置，对遵循特定劳动力模式的可能性，以及这些预测效果是否因队列和时间段而异。该项目将评估模式化的短期工作星座与收入水平的连续性和变化、公民参与和不断变化的家庭生活安排之间的关系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

Baby boomers, born 1946-64, are moving to and through the conventional retirement years in unprecedented numbers, even as conventional retirement protections and expectations are unraveling. Existing studies of earlier cohorts of retirees do not fully capture the timing, sequencing, and voluntariness of short-term work-hour and workforce paths and transitions that Boomer men and women may experience. This project examines the experiences of women and men in their 50s, 60s, and 70s as they navigate later adulthood. The project assesses who is working longer, as well as the timing of exits from and reentries into employment. The project also examines whether these dynamics vary between advantaged and disadvantaged workers. The project will assess whether working longer matters for the financial sustainability of individuals and their families, or the extent to which age-graded safety nets are effective. Scientific advances from this work will inform the development of policy interventions promoting possibilities for working longer as well as for unpaid community engagement. These insights are key in light of the extraordinary numbers of Boomer women and men considering or undergoing labor market transitions moving them from social inclusion to social exclusion from the mainstream of society.This project charts patterned short-term workforce constellations, capturing similarities and differences in sequencing and timing, for over 850,000 women and men ages 50 to 75 over eight time points. The project draws on linked Current Population Survey (CPS) monthly panel data from 1998 to 2018, with subsequent use of data from 2020. Individuals are surveyed in the CPS over a period of up to 16 months, which permits study of labor force entry and exists during that time frame. Using sequence and multi-level analysis, the project identifies the impacts of inequalities in patterned workforce constellations by social location, including variations by age, gender, education, race/ethnicity, and nativity, in combination with geosocial locations. The project will capture the contemporary complexity, heterogeneity, and inequities in short-term 16-month work-hour/workforce and family living arrangement dynamics of Boomer women, men, and couples, examining similarities and differences in the experiences of Boomers and the cohort preceding them. The project will assess the predictive effects of resources such as prior health, income, and job tenure, combined with disadvantaged social statuses and geographical locations, on the likelihood of following particular workforce patterns, and whether these predictive effects differ by cohort and time period. The project will assess the relationship of patterned short-term work constellations to continuity and change in income levels, civic engagement, and shifting family living arrangements.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.