Disparate Pathways to Working Longer, Retiring, or Other Exits

婴儿潮一代出生于1946年-，他们正以前所未有的数量跨入和度过传统的退休年龄，尽管传统的退休保障和预期正在瓦解。现有的对较早退休人群的研究没有完全捕捉到婴儿潮一代男性和女性可能经历的短期工作时间和劳动力路径以及过渡的时机、顺序和自愿性。这个项目考察了50多岁、60多岁和70多岁的女性和男性在成年后的经历。该项目评估谁工作的时间更长，以及退出和重新进入工作岗位的时间。该项目还研究了处于有利地位的工人和处于不利地位的工人之间的这些动态是否存在差异。该项目将评估工作时间延长对个人及其家庭的经济可持续性是否重要，或者按年龄分级的安全网的有效程度。这项工作取得的科学进展将为制订政策干预措施提供信息，以促进延长工作时间和提高社区无偿参与的可能性。鉴于大量婴儿潮一代的女性和男性正在考虑或正在经历劳动力市场的转型，将他们从社会包容转变为主流社会的社会排斥，这些见解是关键。该项目绘制了8个时间点上超过85万名50岁至75岁的女性和男性的短期劳动力星座模式，捕捉了它们在排序和时间安排上的异同。该项目使用了1998年至2018年的关联当前人口调查(CPS)月度面板数据，并随后使用了2020年的数据。在CPS中对个人进行长达16个月的调查，这允许对劳动力进入进行研究，并在此期间存在。利用序列和多层次分析，该项目确定了按社会位置划分的劳动力群组中不平等现象的影响，包括年龄、性别、教育程度、种族/族裔、出生地以及地理社会位置的差异。该项目将捕捉婴儿潮一代女性、男性和夫妇在短期16个月工作时间/劳动力和家庭生活安排动态中的当代复杂性、异质性和不平等，考察婴儿潮一代和他们之前的同龄人经历的异同。该项目将评估资源，如以前的健康、收入和工作年限，结合不利的社会地位和地理位置，对遵循特定劳动力模式的可能性的预测影响，以及这些预测影响是否因队列和时间段而不同。该项目将评估模式化的短期工作星座与收入水平的连续性和变化、公民参与以及家庭生活安排变化的关系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Baby boomers, born 1946-64, are moving to and through the conventional retirement years in unprecedented numbers, even as conventional retirement protections and expectations are unraveling. Existing studies of earlier cohorts of retirees do not fully capture the timing, sequencing, and voluntariness of short-term work-hour and workforce paths and transitions that Boomer men and women may experience. This project examines the experiences of women and men in their 50s, 60s, and 70s as they navigate later adulthood. The project assesses who is working longer, as well as the timing of exits from and reentries into employment. The project also examines whether these dynamics vary between advantaged and disadvantaged workers. The project will assess whether working longer matters for the financial sustainability of individuals and their families, or the extent to which age-graded safety nets are effective. Scientific advances from this work will inform the development of policy interventions promoting possibilities for working longer as well as for unpaid community engagement. These insights are key in light of the extraordinary numbers of Boomer women and men considering or undergoing labor market transitions moving them from social inclusion to social exclusion from the mainstream of society.This project charts patterned short-term workforce constellations, capturing similarities and differences in sequencing and timing, for over 850,000 women and men ages 50 to 75 over eight time points. The project draws on linked Current Population Survey (CPS) monthly panel data from 1998 to 2018, with subsequent use of data from 2020. Individuals are surveyed in the CPS over a period of up to 16 months, which permits study of labor force entry and exists during that time frame. Using sequence and multi-level analysis, the project identifies the impacts of inequalities in patterned workforce constellations by social location, including variations by age, gender, education, race/ethnicity, and nativity, in combination with geosocial locations. The project will capture the contemporary complexity, heterogeneity, and inequities in short-term 16-month work-hour/workforce and family living arrangement dynamics of Boomer women, men, and couples, examining similarities and differences in the experiences of Boomers and the cohort preceding them. The project will assess the predictive effects of resources such as prior health, income, and job tenure, combined with disadvantaged social statuses and geographical locations, on the likelihood of following particular workforce patterns, and whether these predictive effects differ by cohort and time period. The project will assess the relationship of patterned short-term work constellations to continuity and change in income levels, civic engagement, and shifting family living arrangements.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.