Impacts of Firms, Labor Markets, and Government Policy on Income Volatility and Inequality in the U.S.: Evidence from IRS Tax Data

摘要了解企业、劳动力市场和政府机构在决定收入不平等和波动性方面的作用，是解决现代美国经济中就业挑战的关键。长期以来，由于缺乏将企业、工人和劳动力市场联系起来的数据，阻碍了对这一问题的全面分析。该项目将利用美国相关的企业和家庭纳税申报资料，对企业、增加值、工人、收入、家庭、收入以及政府的税收收入和转移进行审查。该项目将探讨政府政策如何影响经济中的不平等和不确定性。该项目将进一步提供有关这些措施的汇总统计数据，为相关政策问题和研究提供投入，从而为更广泛的社会服务。利用详细的数据和新的统计方法，该项目将收入不平等分解为以下因素的组成部分：(i)工人技能水平的差异，（ii）相同技能水平的企业薪酬差异，（iii）高技能工人进入高收入企业的分类，（iv）企业与工人匹配产生的生产率互补性，以及(v)企业生产率冲击的传递。然后，该项目将推导和估计与实证结果一致的劳动力市场垄断的结构模型，并使用该模型来解决政府决策对不平等和波动性的影响问题。该项目将进一步研究美国和欧洲劳动力市场的差异。此外，通过利用采购拍卖数据，该项目将衡量雇主将需求冲击传递给工人的速度。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

AbstractUnderstanding the role of firms, labor markets, and government institutions in determining earnings inequality and volatility is key to addressing employment challenges in the modern U.S. economy. A comprehensive analysis of this issue has been hindered by the lack of data linking firms, workers, and labor markets over time. This project will use the universe of linked corporate and household tax filings from the U.S. to examine firms, value added, workers, earnings, households, income, and the governments' tax receipts and transfers. The project will address questions on how government policies may affect inequality and uncertainty in the economy. The project will further deliver aggregate statistics on these measures, which will serve the broader community by providing input to relevant policy issues and research.Using detailed data and new statistical methods, the project will decompose earnings inequality into the components due to (i) worker differences in skill levels, (ii) firm differences in pay for the same skill level, (iii) the sorting of high-skilled workers into high-paying firms, (iv) the productivity complementarities arising from firm-worker matches, and (v) the pass-through of firm productivity shocks. Then, the project will derive and estimate a structural model of labor market monopsony that is consistent with empirical findings and use the model to address questions on the impact of government decisions on inequality and volatility. The project will further examine how labor markets differ between the U.S. and Europe. Also, by utilizing procurement auction data, the project will measure the rate at which demand shocks are passed through to workers by their employers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.