Driving Low-Income Mothers to Greater Success: The Impact of Ride-hailing on Employment and Income

推动低收入母亲取得更大成功：网约车对就业和收入的影响

• 批准号: 1851862
• 负责人: Lee Branstetter
• 金额: $ 28.51万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1851862&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Driving; Low; Income; Mothers; Greater

This research project will use new research methods to investigate whether providing subsidized or free transportation to low-income mothers will increase their labor force participation and employment. It does so by providing free or subsidized transportation to a selected group of low income mothers and comparing their labor market efforts and outcomes to low income mothers who do not receive transport subsidy. The research will answer two specific questions: (i) will providing subsidized ride-hailing services to the poor enable better access to employment, training, and social services? (ii) will subsidized transportation raise labor force participation and generate benefits that outweigh the costs? Low-skilled workers in urban America are often concentrated in areas that are far from jobs that match their skills. The high cost of transportation poses special problems for low-income mothers with children, given their child care responsibilities making it difficult and costly for them to find jobs if they rely on public transportation. New technology that makes ride-hailing, such as those provided by UBER and LYFT, possible offers flexible, convenient, and relatively inexpensive transportation that does not require private car ownership. The results of this research will help increase labor market participation and employment of low-income mothers, thus improving the living standards of these mothers.This project will empirically test the hypothesis that reducing transportation cost to low income mothers will increase their labor market participation and employment, using a large-scale randomized control trial (RCT). Leveraging the emergence of ride-hailing as a new transportation option, the PIs will provide free rides to the treatment group of low-income mothers and compare employment and other outcomes to a demographically equivalent control group. The PIs will work in partnership with UBER technologies and will exploit the diffusion of smartphones among the poor to track the impact of lower transportation costs on employment and wages. GPS technology will also be extensively used to track the mobility of participants as they travel to search for, and go to work. In addition to self-reported data collected from participants, the PIs will use data collected by local governments to supplement the research efforts. The results of this research will help increase labor market participation and employment of low-income mothers, thus improving the living standards of these mothersThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本研究项目将采用新的研究方法，调查向低收入母亲提供补贴或免费交通是否会增加她们的劳动力参与和就业。 它通过向选定的低收入母亲群体提供免费或补贴交通，并将其劳动力市场努力和结果与没有获得交通补贴的低收入母亲进行比较来进行评估。 该研究将回答两个具体问题：（i）向穷人提供补贴的叫车服务是否能使他们更好地获得就业、培训和社会服务？ (ii)交通补贴是否会提高劳动力参与率，产生超过成本的收益？ 美国城市中的低技能工人往往集中在远离与其技能相匹配的工作的地区。高昂的交通费用给有子女的低收入母亲带来了特殊问题，因为她们要照顾子女，如果依靠公共交通，找工作就很困难，而且费用也很高。 新技术使得打车成为可能，比如Uber和Lyft提供的技术，提供了灵活、方便和相对便宜的交通方式，不需要拥有私家车。 本研究的结果将有助于提高低收入母亲的劳动力市场参与率和就业率，从而改善这些母亲的生活水平。本研究将使用大规模随机对照试验（RCT），实证检验降低低收入母亲的交通费用会提高其劳动力市场参与率和就业率的假设。 利用网约车作为一种新的交通选择的出现，PI将为低收入母亲的治疗组提供免费乘车，并将就业和其他结果与人口结构相当的对照组进行比较。 PI将与UBER技术合作，并将利用智能手机在穷人中的普及来跟踪降低交通成本对就业和工资的影响。 全球定位系统技术还将广泛用于跟踪参与者的移动，因为他们旅行，寻找和去工作。 除了从参与者收集的自我报告数据外，PI还将使用地方政府收集的数据来补充研究工作。 这项研究的结果将有助于增加劳动力市场的参与和低收入母亲的就业，从而提高这些母亲的生活水平。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。