Belmont Forum Collaborative Research: Balancing biodiversity conservation with development in Amazon wetlands

贝尔蒙特论坛合作研究：平衡亚马逊湿地生物多样性保护与发展

• 批准号: 1851993
• 负责人: Laura Hess
• 金额: $ 9万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1851993&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Belmont; Forum; Collaborative; Research; Balancing

Innovative research on the complex interaction of socio-economic and global environmental trends of biodiversity and ecosystem services is needed to help develop more informative scenarios for addressing environmental and human development challenges. To overcome these challenges coupled natural-human systems approaches and analyses are needed. These provide improved scenarios of biodiversity and ecosystem services that couple the outputs of direct and indirect drivers such as land use, invasive species, overexploitation, biodiversity, environmental change, and pollution. The resulting models provide a methodological state-of-the art that results in more accurate quantitative assessments, better land use, and more effective ecosystem services. This international collaborative research project uses this methodology to develop scenarios of biodiversity and ecosystem services for selected floodplains of muddy (i.e., whitewater) rivers in the central Amazon region and their adjacent uplands. Amazon floodplains were selected because they are typical of tropical river floodplains that support high levels of biodiversity and provide fundamental services, such as water purification, fish habitat, and flood mitigation. Like other tropical river systems, the Amazon sustains the livelihoods of many indigenous and poverty-stricken human populations and its flood plains are being increasingly threatened by development such as dams, agriculture, ranching, the expansion of road and rail networks, and climate change. For example, in the lower Amazon over half of the floodplain forest cover has been lost since the late 1970s. This project studies the floodplains of two contrasting major whitewater rivers: The Amazon River (Brazil and Colombia) and its tributary the Jurua River (Brazil). The research begins with working with stakeholders in a collaborative planning process that reflects local concerns and priorities and builds off local knowledge of the area. Work involves mapping targeted floodplains and adjacent upland habitats using remote sensing and field data. Goals are to predict changes in flooding patterns under climate change scenarios and model the interactions among biodiversity, habitat type, hydrology, and management regimes, with results being disseminated to stakeholders and the broader scientific community. Broader impacts of the work include international collaboration with scientists in Brazil, Columbia, France, Norway, Germany and the United Kingdom and improved understanding of how human activities along the floodplains of tropical rivers impact fisheries, food security, water quality, and biodiversity. Other broader impacts include development of a template for habitat and biodiversity assessment and for participatory planning that can be applied and adapted to similar types of river floodplains across tropical landscapes. The project also supports an investigator whose gender is underrepresented in the sciences.This award supports US researchers participating in a project competitively selected by a coalition of 26 funding agencies from 23 countries through the Belmont Forum call for proposals on "Scenarios of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services". The call was a multilateral initiative designed to support research projects that contribute to the development of scenarios, models, and decision-support tools for understanding and solving critical issues facing our planet. The goal of the competition was to improve and apply participatory scenario methods to enhance research relevance and its acceptance and to address gaps in methods for modelling impact drivers and policy interventions. It was also to develop and communicate levels of uncertainty associated with the models to improve data accessibility and fill gaps in knowledge. Funds support US participants in a large, seven-country, international consortium of scientists studying aquatic-terrestrial interfaces in the Amazon Basin. These areas support high levels of biodiversity and also supply fundamental services to human populations such as water purification, fish habitat, and flood mitigation as well as sustain the livelihoods and food security of subsistence-level human populations. Over the past several decades, development, cultivation, ranching, and commercial fisheries have disrupted traditional patterns of Amazon river floodplain resource use. The goals of this research are to use the floodplains of two major and contrasting whitewater rivers: the mainstream Amazon river (Brazil and Colombia) and its tributary the Jurua (Brazil) to contrast the impacts of human development on their physical character and biodiversity. The project engages key stakeholders, including local indigenous peoples, in a research co-design effort. Work will involve mapping floodplain and adjacent upland habitats using remote sensing and field data; predicting changes in flooding patterns under climate change scenarios; and modeling the interactions among biodiversity, habitat type, hydrology, and management regimes. The project will test new methods in remote sensing using satellite-based mapping of phytoplankton diversity and will estimate forest biomass using newly available spaceborne LIDAR data. It will evaluate freshwater ecology using environmental DNA metabar-coding and model fish movement based on hydrologic connectivity and foraging patterns. Participatory prospective analysis will enable collective definition of scenarios with the support of species distribution models to analyze possible impacts on biodiversity. Results of this work, combined with local knowledge and stakeholder feedback, will allow a deep analysis of public policy efficiency in relation to wetland conservation and sustainable development goal targets. The work will also result in the development of a template for habitat and biodiversity assessment and for participatory modeling of multi-scale scenarios that can be applied and adapted to analogous floodplain systems in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

需要对生物多样性和生态系统服务的社会经济和全球环境趋势的复杂相互作用进行创新研究，以帮助开发更多信息丰富的情景，以应对环境和人类发展挑战。为了克服这些挑战，需要结合自然-人类系统的方法和分析。这些方案提供了生物多样性和生态系统服务的改进情景，将土地利用、入侵物种、过度开发、生物多样性、环境变化和污染等直接和间接驱动因素的产出结合起来。由此产生的模型提供了一种最先进的方法，可以实现更准确的定量评估、更好的土地利用和更有效的生态系统服务。这个国际合作研究项目使用这种方法为亚马逊中部地区及其邻近高地的泥泞（即白水）河流的选定洪泛区开发生物多样性和生态系统服务情景。亚马逊洪泛区之所以被选中，是因为它们是典型的热带河流洪泛区，支持高度的生物多样性，并提供基本服务，如水净化、鱼类栖息地和洪水缓解。像其他热带河流系统一样，亚马逊河维持着许多土著和贫困人口的生计，其洪泛平原正日益受到水坝、农业、牧场、公路和铁路网络扩张以及气候变化等发展的威胁。例如，在亚马逊河下游，自20世纪70年代末以来，超过一半的洪泛区森林覆盖已经消失。本项目研究了两条对比鲜明的主要白水河流的泛滥平原：亚马逊河（巴西和哥伦比亚）及其支流汝鲁亚河（巴西）。研究开始于与利益相关者合作规划过程，反映了当地的关注和优先事项，并建立了当地对该地区的了解。工作包括利用遥感和实地数据绘制目标洪泛区和邻近高地栖息地的地图。目标是预测气候变化情景下洪水模式的变化，并模拟生物多样性、栖息地类型、水文和管理制度之间的相互作用，并将结果传播给利益相关者和更广泛的科学界。这项工作的更广泛影响包括与巴西、哥伦比亚、法国、挪威、德国和英国的科学家开展国际合作，以及增进对热带河流洪泛平原沿线人类活动如何影响渔业、粮食安全、水质和生物多样性的理解。其他更广泛的影响包括制定栖息地和生物多样性评估和参与性规划模板，这些模板可以应用和适应热带景观中类似类型的河流洪泛平原。该项目还支持一名在科学领域性别代表性不足的研究者。该奖项支持参与由来自23个国家的26个资助机构组成的联盟通过贝尔蒙特论坛征集“生物多样性和生态系统服务情景”提案竞争性选择的项目的美国研究人员。该呼吁是一项多边倡议，旨在支持有助于开发情景、模型和决策支持工具的研究项目，以了解和解决我们星球面临的关键问题。竞赛的目标是改进和应用参与式情景方法，以提高研究的相关性和接受度，并解决影响驱动因素和政策干预建模方法方面的差距。它还将开发和交流与模型相关的不确定性水平，以改善数据可访问性并填补知识空白。资金支持美国参与一个由7个国家组成的大型国际科学家联盟，研究亚马逊盆地的水陆界面。这些地区支持高水平的生物多样性，并为人口提供基本服务，如水净化、鱼类栖息地和洪水缓解，以及维持维持生计和粮食安全水平的人口。在过去的几十年里，开发、耕种、放牧和商业渔业破坏了亚马逊河洪泛区资源利用的传统模式。本研究的目标是利用两条主要的、对比鲜明的白水河流的泛滥平原：亚马逊河的主流（巴西和哥伦比亚）和它的支流朱鲁亚河（巴西）来对比人类发展对它们的物理特征和生物多样性的影响。该项目让包括当地土著人民在内的主要利益攸关方参与研究共同设计工作。工作将包括利用遥感和实地数据绘制洪泛区和邻近高地生境的地图；预测气候变化情景下洪水模式的变化；并对生物多样性、生境类型、水文和管理制度之间的相互作用进行建模。该项目将测试利用基于卫星的浮游植物多样性制图的遥感新方法，并将利用新获得的星载激光雷达数据估计森林生物量。它将利用环境DNA元条形码和基于水文连通性和觅食模式的鱼类运动模型来评估淡水生态。参与式前瞻性分析将在物种分布模型的支持下实现情景的集体定义，以分析对生物多样性的可能影响。这项工作的结果，结合当地知识和利益相关者的反馈，将有助于深入分析与湿地保护和可持续发展目标相关的公共政策效率。这项工作还将为栖息地和生物多样性评估以及多尺度情景参与式建模开发一个模板，该模板可应用于南美、非洲和东南亚类似的洪泛平原系统。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。