CRISP Type 1/Collaborative Research: Computable Market and System Equilibrium Models for Coupled Infrastructures

这项跨学科研究将开发计算工具和公共数据集，以便能够对相互依存的能源基础设施进行联合建模。这项工作的动机是美国电力和天然气基础设施之间日益增长的相互依存关系。这些相互依存关系产生于天然气作为基本负荷资源(取代因经济或环境原因而退役的燃煤发电厂)和平衡资源(以平息可变可再生能源发电量的波动)的双重作用。虽然天然气带来的环境效益超过了煤炭，但电力、天然气系统和市场之间日益增强的耦合，很难用现有的工具进行建模。这一研究计划将开发易于处理的计算工具和支持数据集，以便能够分析与这种日益增长的相互依赖相关的运营或经济风险，并阐明在系统规划、运营和市场清算方面加强协调所带来的经济和社会价值。这项研究将通过开发和传播分析工具，为能源系统和政策研究界带来好处，并将有助于为美国不断演变的能源基础设施(包括电力和天然气)之间的协调政策提供信息。这一努力将涉及能源经济学、计算机科学和优化方面的专家之间的综合和跨学科合作，这不仅将丰富研究界，而且还将丰富来自多个领域的能源系统学者的教育。研究团队将为可计算的市场和系统平衡模型创建一个框架，这些模型包括：捕获交流电力系统的非线性方面和韦茅斯气体流动方程；准确表示导致价格形成的电力和天然气市场机构；以及捕获天然气现货市场价格形成和现货电力市场价格计算之间的循环依赖关系。该框架将在天然气和电力系统联合规划的优化框架内嵌入天然气市场均衡模型。这种方法将在美国东北部电网和天然气管道系统的模型上实施，该模型来自公开的信息。获奖研究将证明该框架能够以可接受的计算性能产生合理的结果，说明该框架在包括美国东北测试系统在内的一系列测试系统上的应用，并展示天然气和电力系统综合基础设施规划的价值。

This interdisciplinary research will develop computational tools and public data sets to enable the joint modeling of interdependent energy infrastructures. The work is motivated by increasing interdependencies between the U.S. electric power and natural gas infrastructures. These interdependencies arise from the dual, increasing roles of natural gas as a base-load resource (replacing coal-fired power plants retiring for economic or environmental reasons) and a balancing resource (to smooth fluctuations in variable renewable energy generation). While natural gas brings environmental benefits over coal, the increased coupling between electricity and gas systems and markets have been difficult to model with existing tools. This research program will develop tractable computational tools and supporting data sets to enable analysis of the operational or economic risks associated with this increasing interdependence and to articulate the economic and social value from increased coordination in system planning, operations and clearing of markets. The research will be beneficial to the energy systems and policy research communities through the development and dissemination of analytical tools, and will help to inform evolving U.S. policy on coordination between energy infrastructures, including electric power and natural gas. This effort will involve an integrated and interdisciplinary collaboration between experts in energy economics, computer science and optimization that will enrich not only the research community but also the education of energy systems scholars from multiple fields. The research team will create a framework for computable market and system equilibrium models that: capture non-linear aspects of AC power systems and the Weymouth gas flow equations; accurately represent the market institutions in electricity and natural gas that lead to price formation; and capture the cyclic dependence between price formation in spot natural gas markets and the price calculations in spot electricity markets. This framework will embed a market equilibrium model for natural gas within an optimization framework for the joint planning of natural gas and electric power systems. The approach will be implemented on a model of the U.S. northeastern power grid and natural gas pipeline system that is drawn from publicly-available information. The awarded research will demonstrate that this framework can produce sensible outcomes with acceptable computational performance, illustrate the framework on a series of test systems including the U.S. northeast test system, and demonstrate the value of integrated infrastructure planning for natural gas and electric power systems.