Collaborative Research: Informal risk-sharing and private initiative to mitigate local environmental risks

合作研究:非正式风险分担和私人倡议,以减轻当地环境风险

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1853289
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2019-05-15 至 2024-04-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

For thousands of communities in the United States the environment, natural or contaminated, presents challenges to human health. These risks are often highly localized and therefore avoidable. Many Americans depend on well water that often is below the standards set by regulatory actions pursuant to the Safe Drinking Water Act. One approach to reduce contaminants is to rely on the government to mitigate these risks and reduce the welfare impact of adverse outcomes through the provision of local public goods, including safe drinking water and health services. Government provision of such public goods, however, is not always adequate. The assumptions underlying this project is that such limitations may be overcome by (a) exploiting private risk to achieve greater cooperation, building upon the "veil of ignorance" concept of John Rawls to foster cooperation for public goods; (b) departing from the pitfalls of either extreme of public or private goods only by focusing on sharing of privately-owned resources; and (c) exploring how information and social-networks increase cooperation as well as encouraging private investments in mitigation technologies. To test these concepts, the researchers have chosen as context a major disaster of natural origin: toxic levels of arsenic in groundwater pumped by millions of private wells across Bangladesh. Information on individual risk, in this case well tests for arsenic, are provided in ways that encourage greater cooperation and investment through the sharing of safe wells and the installation of new safe wells. The findings have implications for environmental policy in the United States as high-resolution data on water, air, and soil quality become increasingly accessible to citizens. More specifically, this research studies the role of risk-sharing and social networks in perception and mitigation of local environmental risks. The research team focuses on two aspects: increasing cooperation for risk mitigation and increasing private investment in risk mitigation technology. This project is based in a setting where these two factors become particularly important due to a lack of government-provided resources for reducing environmental risk. The research first tests whether informal insurance, where compliance may be primarily enforced by existing social structure and reciprocity norms, can effectively counter the undersupply of local public goods. Then, the team studies how social-networks can help in increasing cooperation, adoption and investment in risk mitigation technology. To understand the channels, this project explores how information on risk can facilitate more cooperation and risk mitigation. This relatively low-cost approach is different from the current approach of the government of Bangladesh which is focused on expensive infrastructure of limited reach. The study is a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh, where the researchers randomly assign interventions on (a) ex-ante risk sharing, (b) information provision on risk, and (c) the demonstration of intermediate-depth wells which yield low arsenic. The original data allow the research team to test the effectiveness of these interventions in terms of mitigation efforts and reduction in arsenic exposure to the population. The experimental design allows for documentation of the causal impact of the interventions. The research team intends to share the results with policy makers and organizations so that lessons learnt here can be applied in similar settings.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
对于美国成千上万的社区来说,自然或污染的环境对人类健康构成了挑战。这些风险往往高度局部化,因此是可以避免的。许多美国人依赖井水,而井水往往低于《安全饮用水法》规定的标准。减少污染物的一种方法是依靠政府来减轻这些风险,并通过提供当地公共产品(包括安全饮用水和卫生服务)来减少不利后果对福利的影响。然而,政府提供的这种公益并不总是足够的。这一项目的基本假设是,可以通过以下方式克服这些限制:(a)利用私人风险实现更大的合作,以罗尔斯的“无知之幕”概念为基础,促进为公共利益而进行的合作;(B)只注重分享私人拥有的资源,避免公共利益或私人利益的极端陷阱;以及(c)探讨信息和社会网络如何加强合作以及鼓励私人投资于缓解技术。为了验证这些概念,研究人员选择了一个自然灾害的背景:孟加拉国数百万私人威尔斯井抽取的地下水中砷的有毒含量。提供关于个人风险的资料,在这种情况下是砷的水井测试,其方式鼓励通过分享安全威尔斯井和安装新的安全威尔斯井加强合作和投资。这些发现对美国的环境政策产生了影响,因为关于水,空气和土壤质量的高分辨率数据越来越容易为公民所获得。更具体地说,本研究研究的风险分担和社交网络在感知和减轻当地环境风险的作用。研究团队重点关注两个方面:增加风险缓解合作和增加风险缓解技术的私人投资。本项目所处的环境是,由于缺乏政府提供的减少环境风险的资源,这两个因素变得特别重要。研究首先测试非正式保险,其中遵守可能主要是由现有的社会结构和互惠规范,可以有效地应对当地公共产品的供应不足。然后,该团队研究了社交网络如何帮助增加合作,采用和投资风险缓解技术。为了了解这些渠道,本项目探讨了有关风险的信息如何能够促进更多的合作和减轻风险。这种成本相对较低的方法与孟加拉国政府目前的方法不同,孟加拉国政府目前的方法侧重于有限的昂贵基础设施。该研究是在孟加拉国农村进行的随机对照试验,研究人员随机分配干预措施:(a)事前风险分担,(B)风险信息提供,(c)中深度威尔斯井产出低砷的示范。原始数据使研究小组能够测试这些干预措施在缓解工作和减少人口砷暴露方面的有效性。实验设计允许记录干预措施的因果影响。该研究团队打算与政策制定者和组织分享结果,以便在此学到的经验教训可以应用于类似的设置。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并已被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(1)
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Alexander van Geen其他文献

Automation of trace-metal-clean column separation: Application to trace metal pre-concentration from seawater
  • DOI:
    10.1016/0009-2541(88)90727-9
  • 发表时间:
    1988-08-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Alexander van Geen;Edward Boyle
  • 通讯作者:
    Edward Boyle
Environmental exposure assessment in the international prospective study of Chronic Kidney Disease of UnceRtain Etiology (CKDu) in Agricultural Communities (CURE) research consortium: Design and protocol development
农业社区中慢性肾脏病不确定病因(CKDu)国际前瞻性研究(CURE)研究联盟的环境暴露评估:设计与方案制定
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179642
  • 发表时间:
    2025-06-25
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    8.000
  • 作者:
    Marvin González-Quiroz;Anna Aceituno;Shuchi Anand;Alexander van Geen;Lawrence S. Engel;Emmanuel Jarquin;Clemens Ruepert;Nicole Villegas-González;Mariela Arias-Hidalgo;Nora Franceschini;Daylin Anchía-Pastrán;Karla Solano-Diaz;Andrea Corrales-Vargas;Jennifer Crowe;Idalina Cubilla-Batista;Hildaura Acosta;Adriana Mike;Carolina Guzmán-Quilo;Aurora Aragón;Indiana López-Bonilla;Ana Navas-Acien
  • 通讯作者:
    Ana Navas-Acien
Elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater of the Upper Indus Plain of Pakistan across a range of redox conditions
巴基斯坦印度河上游平原不同氧化还原条件下地下水中砷浓度升高
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168574
  • 发表时间:
    2024-02-20
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    8.000
  • 作者:
    Nisbah Mushtaq;Abida Farooqi;Junaid Ali Khattak;Ishtiaque Hussain;Brian Mailloux;Benjamin C. Bostick;Athena Nghiem;Tyler Ellis;Alexander van Geen
  • 通讯作者:
    Alexander van Geen
Arsenic meets dense populations
砷与密集人口相遇
  • DOI:
    10.1038/ngeo268
  • 发表时间:
    2008-08-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    16.100
  • 作者:
    Alexander van Geen
  • 通讯作者:
    Alexander van Geen
Potential lead exposure from aluminum cooking pots in lower and middle-income countries
中低收入国家铝制烹饪锅可能导致的铅暴露
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138134
  • 发表时间:
    2025-07-15
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    11.300
  • 作者:
    Gordon Binkhorst;Barbara Jones;Aelita Sargsyan;Alexander van Geen;Keith Wagner
  • 通讯作者:
    Keith Wagner

Alexander van Geen的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Alexander van Geen', 18)}}的其他基金

CNH: Competing Demands and Future Vulnerability of Groundwater: Drinking Water Quality and Food Security in Arsenic-Impacted South and Southeast Asia
CNH:地下水的竞争需求和未来脆弱性:受砷影响的南亚和东南亚的饮用水质量和粮食安全
  • 批准号:
    1414131
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Development of Freeze-Shoe Sampler to Recover Aquifer Sands with In-situ Groundwater From up to 1000-ft Depth
开发冻靴取样器以从深达 1000 英尺的原位地下水中回收含水层沙子
  • 批准号:
    1160753
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Workshop proposal: Recovering Uncompromised Samples of Aquifer Sands with In-Situ Groundwater from up to 300-m Depth in South and Southeast Asia
研讨会提案:利用南亚和东南亚 300 米深处的原位地下水回收未受损的含水层砂样本
  • 批准号:
    1105148
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Hydrographic and sediment-trap monitoring of anoxic Soledad Basin off Baja California for enhanced climate reconstructions: An interdisciplinary planning workshop
下加利福尼亚州附近缺氧索莱达盆地的水文和沉积物捕集器监测,以加强气候重建:跨学科规划研讨会
  • 批准号:
    0927822
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Enhancing the sustainability of groundwater pumping from low-arsenic aquifers in southern Asia - a case-study in Vietnam south of Hanoi.
合作研究:提高南亚低砷含水层地下水抽取的可持续性——以河内以南的越南为例。
  • 批准号:
    0911557
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Vertical control of groundwater arsenic concentrations in shallow Bangladesh aquifers
合作研究:孟加拉国浅层含水层地下水砷浓度的垂直控制
  • 批准号:
    0345688
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Abiotic arsenic mobilization in Bangladesh groundwater aquifers?
孟加拉国地下水含水层中的非生物砷动员?
  • 批准号:
    0433886
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: A High-resolution Record of Productivity and/or Ventilation of the Northeastern Pacific from Soledad Basin, Baja California
合作研究:下加利福尼亚州索莱达盆地东北太平洋生产力和/或通风的高分辨率记录
  • 批准号:
    0214221
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Biocomplexity IDEA: Portable Devices To Map The Distribution of Arsenic In Bangladesh Groundwater & The Relation To Sediment Structure
生物复杂性 IDEA:便携式设备绘制孟加拉国地下水中砷的分布图
  • 批准号:
    0119933
  • 财政年份:
    2001
  • 资助金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Coastal Ocean Advances in Shelf Transport (COAST): Iron Input and Wind-driven Circulation along the Oregon Coast
合作研究:沿海海洋陆架运输的进展(COAST):俄勒冈州海岸的铁输入和风驱动环流
  • 批准号:
    9907953
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    $ 31.97万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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