Spatiotemporal Interactions Among Biotic Disturbance Agents, Biological Legacies, and Compensatory Responses: Consequences for Temperate Forest Resilience

生物干扰因子、生物遗产和补偿反应之间的时空相互作用：温带森林恢复力的后果

• 批准号: 1853520
• 负责人: Brian Harvey
• 金额: $ 32.42万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1853520&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Spatiotemporal; Interactions; Among; Biotic; Disturbance

Forests worldwide are changing rapidly because of increasing temperatures and associated disturbances, such as insect outbreaks and wildfires. North American temperate conifer forests are facing increases in biotic disturbances (e.g., insect and pathogen outbreaks), many of which are co-occurring in space and time and with unknown ecological consequences. Many of these disturbances are native to these ecosystems, such that the dominant trees have coevolved responses that lead to ecological resistance or resilience following disturbance. However, key mechanisms of forest recovery may be altered substantially if biotic disturbances are interacting in novel ways, or if environmental conditions following biotic disturbances are shifting. This study will evaluate ecological mechanisms of forest recovery that are common across ecosystems; therefore, results will be broadly relevant for informing theoretical frameworks of ecological resilience as well as for guiding scientists and managers in an era of increasing ecological disturbances. This project will recruit and mentor diverse undergraduate students, create a curriculum module for high school classrooms, as well as lead outreach efforts with land managers.Synchrony in multiple biotic disturbance agents across broad spatial scales in temperate forests of the northern hemisphere affords a unique opportunity to test key hypotheses and inform ecological theory about disturbance interactions, biological legacies, and compensatory responses. Existing permanent-plot forest demography data will be integrated with newly acquired remote sensing products to examine interactions among biotic disturbance agents, as well as ecosystem resilience following single and multiple biotic disturbances. Across spatial scales from trees to sub-continental regions, two primary research questions will be addressed: (1) Is the nature of spatiotemporal interactions among biotic disturbance agents changing during a period of warming climate? (2) How does the nature of biological legacies left by biotic disturbances influence forest regeneration? Field and remotely sensed data will be used to build models of "hotspots" of biotic disturbances (i.e., spatial synchrony in two or more biotic disturbances), and test hypotheses about the conditions that create interactions among biotic disturbances. Multiscale data will be used to test hypotheses about how different biological legacies from disturbance hotspots affect compensatory responses across levels of biological organization. These multiscale data will answer key questions about how biotic disturbances and ecological responses are changing with warming temperatures, and contexts under which forest resilience may erode.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

由于气温升高和昆虫爆发和野火等相关干扰，世界各地的森林正在迅速发生变化。北美温带针叶林正面临生物干扰（例如昆虫和病原体爆发）的增加，其中许多干扰在空间和时间上同时发生，并产生未知的生态后果。许多干扰都是这些生态系统固有的，因此优势树木具有共同进化的反应，导致干扰后的生态抵抗力或恢复力。然而，如果生物干扰以新的方式相互作用，或者生物干扰后的环境条件发生变化，森林恢复的关键机制可能会发生重大改变。这项研究将评估整个生态系统中常见的森林恢复的生态机制；因此，研究结果对于生态恢复力的理论框架以及在生态干扰日益严重的时代指导科学家和管理者具有广泛的相关性。该项目将招募和指导不同的本科生，为高中课堂创建课程模块，并领导土地管理者的外展工作。北半球温带森林广泛空间尺度上多种生物干扰因子的同步性提供了一个独特的机会来检验关键假设，并为有关干扰相互作用、生物遗产和补偿反应的生态理论提供信息。现有的永久森林人口统计数据将与新获得的遥感产品相结合，以检查生物干扰因素之间的相互作用，以及单一和多重生物干扰后的生态系统恢复力。在从树木到次大陆区域的空间尺度上，将解决两个主要研究问题：（1）生物干扰因素之间的时空相互作用的性质是否在气候变暖期间发生变化？ (2) 生物干扰留下的生物遗产的性质如何影响森林再生？现场和遥感数据将用于建立生物干扰“热点”模型（即两种或多种生物干扰的空间同步），并测试有关在生物干扰之间产生相互作用的条件的假设。多尺度数据将用于检验有关来自干扰热点的不同生物遗产如何影响生物组织各个层面的补偿反应的假设。这些多尺度数据将回答有关生物干扰和生态反应如何随温度升高而变化的关键问题，以及森林恢复力可能受到侵蚀的背景。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Rocky Mountain forests are poised to recover following bark beetle outbreaks but with altered composition

落基山森林在树皮甲虫爆发后有望恢复，但成分发生了变化

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13999
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Rodman, Kyle C.;Andrus, Robert A.;Carlson, Amanda R.;Carter, Trevor A.;Chapman, Teresa B.;Coop, Jonathan D.;Fornwalt, Paula J.;Gill, Nathan S.;Harvey, Brian J.;Hoffman, Ashley E.
• 通讯作者: Hoffman, Ashley E.

Data from: Rocky Mountain forests are poised to recover following bark beetle outbreaks, but with altered composition

数据来自：落基山森林在树皮甲虫爆发后即将恢复，但成分发生了变化

• DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4sh
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Dryad
• 作者: Rodman, Kyle;Andrus, Robert;Carlson, Amanda;Carter, Trevor;Chapman, Teresa;Coop, Jonathan;Fornwalt, Paula;Gill, Nathan;Harvey, Brian;Hoffman, Ashley
• 通讯作者: Hoffman, Ashley

Overlapping outbreaks of multiple bark beetle species are rarely more severe than single‐species outbreaks

多种树皮甲虫物种的重叠爆发很少比单一物种的爆发更严重

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4478
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Ecosphere
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Tutland, Niko J.;Rodman, Kyle C.;Andrus, Robert A.;Hart, Sarah J.
• 通讯作者: Hart, Sarah J.

Effects of Bark Beetle Outbreaks on Forest Landscape Pattern in the Southern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.

树皮甲虫爆发对美国落基山脉南部森林景观格局的影响

• DOI: 10.3390/rs13061089
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Rodman, Kyle C.;Andrus, Robert A.;Butkiewicz, Cori L.;Chapman, Teresa B.;Gill, Nathan S.;Harvey, Brian J.;Kulakowski, Dominik;Tutland, Niko J.;Veblen, Thomas T.;Hart, Sarah J.
• 通讯作者: Hart, Sarah J.

Outbreaks of Douglas-Fir Beetle Follow Western Spruce Budworm Defoliation in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA

• DOI: 10.3390/f13030371
• 发表时间: 2022-03-01
• 期刊: FORESTS
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Cole, Hailey M.;Andrus, Robert A.;Hart, Sarah J.
• 通讯作者: Hart, Sarah J.