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From Girangaon to 'Mini Pakistan': The Precarious Place of Working Muslims in Twentieth-Century Bombay

从吉兰冈到“小巴基斯坦”：二十世纪孟买穆斯林工人的危险处境

基本信息

批准号：
237086621
负责人：
Professor Dr. Ravi Ahuja
金额：
--
依托单位：
Centre for Modern Indian Studies (CeMIS)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/237086621?language=en
关键词：
Girangaon Mini Pakistan Precarious Place

项目摘要

This research project tests the hypotheses (a) that, in the course of the twentieth century, the changing self-identifications as well as the identifications by others of Bombay's working Muslims entailed an instable and precarious 'placing' of their neighbourhoods in urban space and (b) that these changing identifications and precarious placings impacted on the metropolis's political culture as a whole. In concrete terms, it explores the transformation, in public perception, of localities in Bombay from 'worker neighbourhoods' with many Muslim inhabitants into 'Muslim neighbourhoods' sheltering many workers. In the first half of the century, localities like Madanpura and Mominpura were fully integrated, according to both inside and outside views, with India's then largest industrial district in Central Bombay that was increasingly known by the epithet of 'Girangaon' (or 'mill village'). These neighbourhoods housed large sections of Muslim workers who were drawn to the centre of Indian cotton textile industry from various, mainly North Indian urban and rural areas. Towards the end of the century, however, they had received the derogatory lable of "Mini-Pakistan" to indicate and assert their "alien", quasi-extraterritorial and "unnatural" character. From the beginning of the 20th century until the Bombay riots of 1992-93, these localities, in inextricable entanglement with adjacent predominantly Hindu or Dalit neighbourhoods, provided a dynamic field-of-forces where different socio-political currents encountered one another and contributed to transforming the political landscape of the city. In the forms of anti-colonial nationalism, the pan-Islamic Khilafat movement, communist mobilisation of workers, Muslim separatism, religious revivalist tendencies, as well as 'ethnicity'- and language-based regional sub-nationalism, these currents and their encounters were instrumental in influencing and shaping the socio-political atmosphere of predominantly Muslim neighbourhoods in Girangaon. Along with exploring the shifting associations Muslim workers of Girangaon had with these competing currents and mainly based on previously neglected unofficial Indian-language sources, this research aims to study the processes and devices through which the Muslim inhabitants of Girangaon over this period of time self-identified and located themselves (as weavers, Muslims, or Bombay workers) or were identified and 'placed' by others (as working people, inhabitants of Girangaon, aliens or even intruders).

这项研究项目测试了假设：(A)在20世纪期间，孟买工作穆斯林不断变化的自我认同以及其他人的认同导致他们的社区在城市空间中的不稳定和不稳定的‘位置’，以及(B)这些不断变化的身份和不稳定的位置对整个大都市的政治文化产生了影响。具体地说，它探讨了在公众眼中，孟买的一些地方是如何从穆斯林居民众多的“工人社区”转变为庇护许多工人的“穆斯林社区”的。在本世纪上半叶，根据内外的观点，马丹普拉和莫明普拉等地区完全融入了印度当时最大的工业区--孟买中部，这里越来越为人所知，因为它被称为吉兰冈(Girangaon)(或称磨坊村)。这些社区居住着大量穆斯林工人，他们从不同的地区，主要是北印度的城市和农村地区，被吸引到印度棉纺织业的中心。然而，在本世纪末，他们收到了“微型巴基斯坦”的贬义标签，以表明和断言他们的“异类”、准治外法权和“不自然”的特征。从20世纪初到1992-93年的孟买骚乱，这些地方与邻近的主要是印度教或达利特人的社区密不可分地纠缠在一起，提供了一个充满活力的力量场，不同的社会政治潮流在这里相遇，并有助于改变城市的政治格局。以反殖民民族主义、泛伊斯兰基拉法特运动、共产主义动员工人、穆斯林分离主义、宗教复兴主义倾向，以及以种族和语言为基础的地区性次民族主义的形式，这些潮流及其遭遇对影响和塑造吉兰冈以穆斯林为主的社区的社会政治氛围起到了重要作用。除了探索吉兰冈的穆斯林工人与这些相互竞争的潮流之间不断变化的联系外，这项研究还主要基于以前被忽视的非官方印度语言来源，旨在研究吉兰冈的穆斯林居民在这段时间里通过哪些过程和装置自我识别和定位(作为编织者、穆斯林或孟买工人)，或者被其他人(作为工作人员、吉兰冈居民、外星人甚至入侵者)识别和安置。