LTREB Renewal: Social dynamics and fitness in a complex primate society

LTREB 更新：复杂灵长类社会中的社会动态和适应性

• 批准号: 1854359
• 负责人: Thore Bergman
• 金额: $ 44.98万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1854359&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; Renewal; Social; dynamics; fitness

Social species live in groups that vary dramatically in size. For any species, the maximum group size represents a breaking point, where the costs of group-living outweigh the benefits. Yet, most research on the social dynamics of groups has focused on societies with one level of social organization. These "single-level societies" are bound to one compromise solution when faced with competing selective pressures - grow in size to protect against predation? Or, shrink in size to alleviate feeding competition? Yet, a few societies have solved this group-size conundrum through the evolution of "multi-level societies" - comprising many modular core groups where individuals within the core group are consistent while the associations between core groups can quickly change. This research will explore how individuals transitioned from single- to multi-level societies by investigating the multilevel society of a wild primate, the gelada. This project asks two questions that each focus on a hallmark of gelada society. First, what permanently splits groups apart? And, second, what keeps groups together - forming the higher levels? This project has previously demonstrated that geladas have an unusually high tolerance for strangers. Identifying the mechanisms behind this remarkable tolerance could help us understand the evolution of another species' tolerance for strangers - humans. The directors of this project will continue a long-standing tradition of national and international STEM outreach (http://geladaresearch.org/db) and significant time investment into conservation efforts in Ethiopia through Save the Simiens, a 501(c)(3) non-profit they created dedicated to protecting the wildlife of the Simien Mountains National Park of Ethiopia where the research takes place. This project is co-funded by the Animal Behavior Program in the Directorate for Biological Sciences and the Biological Anthropology Program in the Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences.The objective of this research is to identify how individual interactions lead to the higher-order structure of multi-level societies by harnessing long-term data on multiple core groups of wild geladas (Theropithecus gelada), an easy-to-observe primate with a multilevel society. Specifically, this project will identify: (1) what causes core groups to split up (i.e., fission into two or more core groups) and (2) what causes multiple core groups to remain together (i.e., maintain higher-level cohesion). This research will investigate the fitness consequences of behaviors that produce a multi-level society and examine the mechanistic processes by which group structure may emerge from individual interactions. To understand why groups fission, it is necessary to track network dynamics to examine female social networks before and after a fission to identify the changes in social relationships that may predict an impending fission. To understand higher-level cohesion, this research will use GPS collars to track simultaneous movement across core groups that have (and have not) undergone fission. Thus, these results will identify the "decay" in association patterns across time. By identifying the origin of two key features of multilevel societies - small core groups and cohesion among those groups - this research will uncover not just why gelada units fission but how they fission; and this evolutionary pathway can then be tested in other taxa.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

社会性物种生活在群体中，群体的大小变化很大。对于任何物种来说，最大群体规模代表着一个临界点，在这个临界点上，群体生活的成本超过了收益。然而，大多数关于群体的社会动力学的研究都集中在具有一个社会组织层次的社会上。这些“单层次社会”在面临竞争性选择压力时，必然会有一个妥协的解决方案--扩大规模以防止被掠夺？或者，缩小体型以缓解喂养竞争？然而，一些社会通过“多层次社会”的进化解决了这个群体规模的难题--多层次社会由许多模块化的核心群体组成，核心群体中的个体是一致的，而核心群体之间的联系可以迅速改变。本研究将通过调查野生灵长类动物狮尾狒狒的多层次社会来探索个体如何从单层次社会过渡到多层次社会。这个项目提出了两个问题，每个问题都集中在狮尾狒狒社会的一个标志上。首先，是什么永久地将群体分开？第二，是什么让群体聚集在一起--形成更高的层次？这个项目之前已经证明了狮尾狒狒对陌生人有着异常高的容忍度。确定这种非凡的耐受性背后的机制可以帮助我们理解另一个物种对陌生人的耐受性的进化-人类。该项目的负责人将继续国家和国际STEM推广的长期传统（http：//geladaresearch.org/db），并通过拯救西米恩（Save the Simiens）对埃塞俄比亚的保护工作进行大量时间投资，这是一个501（c）（3）非营利组织，致力于保护埃塞俄比亚西米恩山脉国家公园的野生动物。该项目由生物科学局动物行为计划和社会、行为和经济科学局生物人类学计划共同资助，目的是通过利用野生狮尾狒狒多个核心群体的长期数据，确定个体相互作用如何导致多级社会的高级结构（Theropithecus gelada），一种易于观察的灵长类动物，具有多层次的社会。具体而言，本项目将确定：（1）是什么原因导致核心小组分裂（即，分裂成两个或多个核心组）和（2）是什么导致多个核心组保持在一起（即，保持较高的凝聚力）。本研究将探讨产生多层次社会的行为的适应性后果，并研究群体结构可能从个体互动中产生的机械过程。为了理解群体裂变的原因，有必要跟踪网络动态，以检查裂变前后的女性社交网络，以确定可能预测即将发生的裂变的社会关系的变化。为了理解更高层次的凝聚力，这项研究将使用GPS项圈来跟踪已经（和没有）经历裂变的核心群体的同时运动。因此，这些结果将确定随着时间的推移在关联模式中的“衰减”。通过确定多层次社会的两个关键特征的起源-小核心群体和这些群体之间的凝聚力-这项研究不仅将揭示为什么狒狒单位分裂，而且它们如何分裂;然后可以在其他分类群中测试这种进化途径。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

Information Ecology: an integrative framework for studying animal behavior

信息生态学：研究动物行为的综合框架

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.017
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Trends in Ecology & Evolution
• 影响因子: 16.8
• 作者: Bergman, Thore J.;Beehner, Jacinta C.
• 通讯作者: Beehner, Jacinta C.

Tropical field stations yield high conservation return on investment

热带野外观测站可带来高保护投资回报

• DOI: 10.1111/conl.13007
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Conservation Letters
• 影响因子: 8.5
• 作者: Eppley, Timothy M.;Reuter, Kim E.;Sefczek, Timothy M.;Tinsman, Jen;Santini, Luca;Hoeks, Selwyn;Andriantsaralaza, Seheno;Shanee, Sam;Fiore, Anthony Di;Setchell, Joanna M.
• 通讯作者: Setchell, Joanna M.

Beyond infant death: the hidden costs of male immigration in geladas

除了婴儿死亡之外：狒狒中男性移民的隐性成本

• DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.11.010
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Animal Behaviour
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Schneider-Crease, India;Chiou, Kenneth L.;Snyder-Mackler, Noah;Bergman, Thore J.;Beehner, Jacinta C.;Lu, Amy
• 通讯作者: Lu, Amy

Social correlates of androgen levels and dispersal age in juvenile male geladas

幼年雄性狒狒雄激素水平与分散年龄的社会相关性

• DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105264
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Hormones and Behavior
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Sen, Sharmi;Carrera, Sofia C.;Heistermann, Michael;Potter, Caitlin Barale;Baniel, Alice;DeLacey, Patricia M.;Petrullo, Lauren;Lu, Amy;Beehner, Jacinta C.
• 通讯作者: Beehner, Jacinta C.

Aggression rates increase around seasonally exploited resources in a primarily grass-eating primate

主要食草灵长类动物的季节性开发资源的攻击率增加

• DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arad079
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Behavioral Ecology
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Jarvey, Julie C.;Low, Bobbi S.;Azanaw Haile, Abebaw;Chiou, Kenneth L.;Snyder-Mackler, Noah;Lu, Amy;Bergman, Thore J.;Beehner, Jacinta C.;Schneider-Crease, India A.;le Roux, ed., Aliza
• 通讯作者: le Roux, ed., Aliza