The Determinants State-Level Immigration Law in New Immigrant Destinations

项目名称：新目的地州的移民法espis: Hana Brown（维克森林大学）和Jennifer Jones（圣母大学）本项目研究了为什么一些州通过反移民法，而另一些州则通过更支持性的公司倡议来接纳新移民。调查人员考察了美国南部的移民法，这是一个突出的新移民目的地地区，其特点是州一级的移民治理方法截然不同。研究人员利用采访、媒体分析和档案数据来了解不同执法制度的起源。研究结果将阐明影响移民注册的关键机构的准入模式，这对与新移民人口打交道的社区、组织和国家实体具有重要意义。更广泛地说，该项目将揭示推动拼凑政策体系的力量，该体系越来越多地赋予地方实体对一系列法律问题的管辖权。在美国和全球范围内，移民法存在于两种主流趋势的交叉点：对非公民的刑事定罪和种族化，以及将执法权力下放给地方当局。对州移民法变化的主要解释强调党派政治、政治意识形态和人口变化的作用。然而，这些范式并不能令人满意地解释新移民目的地最近的立法模式。比较两个案例（阿拉巴马州和乔治亚州）和两个案例（密西西比州和北卡罗来纳州），在这两个案例中，保守派政治和不断增长的拉丁裔人口导致了全面的反移民法律，而在这两个案例中，同样的力量没有产生同样的结果，这将有助于明确推动移民犯罪化和各州惩罚性权力扩大的动力。研究人员调查了跨种族激进分子网络在阻碍执法努力方面的作用。具体来说，该项目考察了黑人-拉丁裔联盟作为(1)文化掮客，在战略上塑造关于黑人-拉丁裔共性的信念，并在媒体、法律和政治论坛上传播这些种族图式的种族制定者；(2)组织掮客，在已建立的法律运动（劳工、民权）中建立或激活网络的联络人，以提高支持反移民法律的政治风险，并向立法者施压，以拒绝此类改革。研究结果将有助于阐明社会背景和非国家行为体如何塑造移民法，并具体说明倡导组织和法律程序在种族形成过程中发挥的核心作用。随着美国成为少数族裔占多数的国家，这些发现也将对我们理解当代美国法律环境在塑造移民融合和种族化方面的作用产生重要影响。

Project Title: Immigration Law in New Destination StatesPIs: Hana Brown (Wake Forest University) and Jennifer Jones (University of Notre Dame)This project examines why some states have adopted anti-immigrant laws while others have embraced newcomers with more supportive incorporation initiatives. The investigators examine immigration law in the U.S. South, a prominent new immigrant destination region marked by radically different state-level approaches to immigration governance. The researchers draw on interviews, media analysis, and archival data to understand the origins of different enforcement regimes. Findings will clarify patterns of access to key institutions that affect immigrant incorporation with significant implications for communities, organizations, and state entities that work with new immigrant populations. More broadly, this project will reveal the forces that drive a patchwork policy system that increasingly grants subnational entities jurisdiction across a range of legal issues. In the United States and globally, immigration laws exist at the intersection of two prevailing trends: the criminalization and racialization of non-citizens and the devolution of legal enforcement to subnational authorities. Dominant explanations for variation in state immigration law emphasize the role of partisan politics, political ideology, and demographic change. However, these paradigms cannot satisfactorily explain recent lawmaking patterns in new immigrant destinations. Comparing two cases (Alabama and Georgia) where conservative politics and a growing Latino population gave rise to omnibus anti-immigrant laws to two cases (Mississippi and North Carolina) where the same forces did not have the same result will help to specify the dynamics that drive the criminalization of immigrants and the extension of states' punitive powers. The researchers examine the role of interracial activist networks in thwarting enforcement efforts. Specifically, the project examines Black-Latino coalitions as (1) cultural brokers, race makers who strategically shape beliefs about Black-Latino commonalities and diffuse these racial schemata across media, legal, and political forums and as (2) organizational brokers, liaisons who forge or activate networks across established legal movements (labor, civil rights) to heighten the political risks of supporting anti-immigrant laws and pressure lawmakers to reject such reforms. Findings will help elucidate how social context and non-state actors shape immigration law and specify the central role that advocacy organizations and legal processes play in the racial formation process. As the country becomes majority-minority, such findings will also have important implications for our understanding of the role of the legal context in shaping immigrant incorporation and racialization in the contemporary United States.