Collaborative Research: Hydrologic Connectivity and Water Storage as Drivers of Carbon Export and Emissions from Wetland-Dominated Catchments

合作研究：水文连通性和蓄水作为湿地主导流域碳输出和排放的驱动因素

• 批准号: 1856200
• 负责人: Margaret Palmer
• 金额: $ 50.32万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-10-15 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1856200&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Hydrologic; Connectivity; Water

Worldwide, rich forested wetlands have been converted to agriculture through ditching and draining. These wetlands are important for regional water and carbon cycles. They reduce downstream flooding through water storage, providing dissolved organic carbon to downstream ecosystems, and contributing to carbon storage. While efforts are being made to restore drained wetlands, recovery of ecosystem services has lagged. Research is urgently needed to understand how hydrology influences delivery of wetland ecosystem services to guide future restoration and management. This project will investigate water movement and carbon cycling in wetland-rich Delmarva Bay. Research will focus on freshwater wetlands that are often isolated from adjacent rivers. These small wetlands are vulnerable to land-use change, and their impact on regional water and carbon cycling is poorly understood. This research will inform management, contribute to meeting national research priorities, and build capacity in the scientific workforce. Students will be engaged in all aspects of the research, as well as in interactive meetings with managers and training workshops on actionable science. This project will also provide data on carbon budgets and in advancing next-generation models to estimate carbon dynamics. This research will test the hypothesis that water storage capacity (WSC), or the amount of water a single wetland or group of wetlands can store, is a principal driver of wetland- and catchment-scale hydrology, carbon emissions, and downstream carbon export. Using coupled empirical and modeling components, this project will quantify: (1) WSC at wetland and catchment scales and resulting variation in water levels, residence time, and water export; and (2) consequent influences to carbon dynamics at both wetland (DOC concentration and composition, CH4 and CO2 emissions) and catchment scales (DOC export and composition, CH4 and CO2 export). Linked hydrologic and biogeochemical data will be collected in 18 wetlands across six study catchments that vary in WSC, with more intensive data collection (e.g., in situ, high temporal resolution) within one wetland per catchment. At the catchment scale, each catchment outlet will be monitored for time series of water discharge and carbon composition and export. Derived empirical relationships and calibrated process-based hydrologic models will advance predictive understanding of wetland carbon emissions and the shunting of DOC, CO2, and CH4 from upstream wetlands to catchment outlets. Expected outcomes linking WSC and associated hydrologic controls on carbon biogeochemistry are required to inform restoration practice and global carbon models.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在全球范围内，丰富的森林湿地已通过沟渠和排水转变为农业。这些湿地对于区域水和碳周期很重要。它们通过储水减少下游洪水，为下游生态系统提供溶解的有机碳，并为碳储存提供贡献。尽管正在努力恢复排水的湿地，但生态系统服务的恢复却落后。迫切需要研究以了解水文学如何影响湿地生态系统服务的交付以指导未来的恢复和管理。该项目将研究湿地丰富的Delmarva湾的水运动和碳循环。研究将重点放在通常与相邻河流中分离出来的淡水湿地。这些小型湿地容易受到土地利用的改变，并且对区域水和碳循环的影响很少。这项研究将为管理层提供信息，有助于满足国家研究的重点，并在科学劳动力中建立能力。学生将参与研究的各个方面，以及与经理的互动会议和有关可行科学的培训研讨会。该项目还将提供有关碳预算的数据，并在推进下一代模型以估算碳动态方面。这项研究将检验以下假设：水存储能力（WSC）或单个湿地或湿地可以存储的水量，是湿地和集水区水文学，碳排放和下游碳出口的主要驱动力。使用耦合的经验和建模组件，该项目将量化：（1）WSC在湿地和集水区尺度上，以及水位，停留时间和水的导致变化； （2）因此对湿地（DOC浓度和组成，CH4和CO2排放）和集水量表（DOC Export and Composing，CH4和CO2导出）的碳动力学影响。链接的水文和生物地球化学数据将在六个湿地中收集在WSC中不同的六个研究集水集中，每个集水区的一个湿地中的数据收集（例如原位，高时间分辨率）。在集水量表上，将监视每个流域插座的时间序列水排放，碳组成和出口。衍生的经验关系和基于过程的水文模型将提高对湿地碳排放的预测理解，以及从上游湿地到集水区的DOC，CO2和CH4的分类。需要将WSC和相关水文控制的预期结果为碳生物地球化学提供信息，以告知恢复实践和全球碳模型。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力优点评估来支持的，并具有更广泛的影响。

项目成果

Effects of seasonal inundation on methane fluxes from forested freshwater wetlands

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac1193
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: K. Hondula;C. N. Jones;M. Palmer

Water‐Soluble Organic Matter From Soils at the Terrestrial‐Aquatic Interface in Wetland‐Dominated Landscapes

水——湿地陆地-水生界面土壤中的可溶性有机物——主要景观

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jg006994
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: Wardinski, Katherine M.;Hotchkiss, Erin R.;Jones, C. Nathan;McLaughlin, Daniel L.;Strahm, Brian D.;Scott, Durelle T.
• 通讯作者: Scott, Durelle T.

Connecting ecosystem services science and policy in the field

• DOI: 10.1002/fee.2390
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
• 影响因子: 10.3
• 作者: J. Ruhl;J. Salzman;C. Arnold;R. Craig;Keith H. Hirokawa;L. Olander;M. Palmer;T. Ricketts

Physical Protection in Aggregates and Organo-Mineral Associations Contribute to Carbon Stabilization at the Transition Zone of Seasonally Saturated Wetlands

• DOI: 10.1007/s13157-022-01557-3
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Wetlands
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: A. Kottkamp;C. N. Jones;M. Palmer;K. Tully