Excellence in Research: Wave Effects on the Dynamics of a Multiple-Inlet Bay System During Storms

卓越研究：风暴期间波浪对多入口湾系统动力学的影响

• 批准号: 1856630
• 负责人: Meng Xia
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Eastern Shore
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-15 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1856630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Excellence; Research; Wave; Effects; Dynamics

Estuaries, such as the Maryland Coastal Bays (MCBs) are crucial to local ecosystems and economies. However, like many estuaries on developed coasts, the MCBs are experiencing degraded water quality, potentially due to changes in exchange at the inlets. Interactions between the bay and ocean through inlets are highly complex owing to feedbacks between tidal and subtidal processes and bathymetry. Waves can significantly alter these inlet dynamics by driving changes to local (inside the inlet) and far-field (inside the bay) water levels, currents, and exchange, particularly during storms, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. In addition, although there are two respected methods for estimating wave forcing in a numerical model, there are few instances of comparisons with field observations inside the inlet channels to determine the merits and limitations of these methods. This study utilizes an existing three-dimensional numerical model developed for the MCBs, along with existing field observations from U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and new field observations, to: (1) field-test and improve numerical parameterizations of wave forcing in the model and (2) use the observations and field-tested simulations to study (a) wave effects on water levels, currents, and water and salt exchange through an inlet depend on inlet characteristics (i.e., shoal morphology, channel depth and orientation relative to wave direction), and (b) wind and storm driven modulations of wave effects at the inlet mouth, within the lagoon, and in the case of a two-inlet system at the second inlet. In 2014, only 23% of B.S. degrees in Earth/Atmospheric/Ocean Sciences were awarded to non-white students (2% to African-American students). This project will help expand that small, but valuable, pool of minority students in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields, by supporting a physical oceanography numerical modeling laboratory within a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) and by providing opportunities for undergraduate students and graduate students at an HBCU to integrate research with their education through inquiry-based learning. The study is in collaboration with the US Naval Academy (USNA) and it will provide an avenue for a non-HBCU (USNA) to learn from an HBCU ways to improve minority retention and promote an inclusive culture in STEM education. Results from the proposed study will be presented at academic conferences as well as to local stakeholders and in public outreach events and the scientific finding will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.Although the study will focus on the MCBs, this project is expected to benefit the broader field of physical oceanography by developing field-tested parameterizations for the modeling of wave effects and by expanding knowledge of wave effects to a new range of geometric scales and physical conditions. For decades, scientists have debated the merits and limitations of wave-current theories, with little consensus; field-testing these theories will provide valuable insight into these discussions. In addition, wave effects on the dynamics in a multiple-inlet system like the MCBs have received little attention; this study will broaden understanding of wave effects to new geometries. Feedbacks between waves and subtidal processes will also be examined to quantify the change in overall storm effects, depending on the combination of forcings.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

河口，如马里兰州沿海海湾（MCB）是至关重要的当地生态系统和经济。然而，与发达海岸的许多河口一样，MCBs正在经历水质退化，这可能是由于入口处交换的变化。由于潮汐和潮下过程与水深测量之间的反馈，海湾与海洋之间通过入口的相互作用非常复杂。波浪可以通过驱动本地（入口内）和远场（海湾内）水位、水流和交换的变化来显著改变这些入口动态，特别是在风暴期间，但其机制知之甚少。此外，虽然有两个受人尊敬的方法来估计波强迫的数值模型，有几个实例的比较与现场观测的入口通道内，以确定这些方法的优点和局限性。本研究利用为MCB开发的现有三维数值模型，沿着来自美国的现有现场观察结果。S.陆军工程兵团和新的现场观测，以：（1）现场测试和改进模型中波浪强迫的数值参数化，以及（2）使用观测和现场测试模拟来研究（a）波浪对水位、水流以及通过入口的水和盐交换的影响取决于入口特性（即，浅滩形态、河道深度和相对于波浪方向的方向），以及（B）在泻湖内的入口口处以及在第二入口处的双入口系统的情况下，风和风暴驱动的波浪效应的调制。2014年，只有23%的B. S。地球/大气/海洋科学学位授予非白人学生（2%授予非裔美国学生）。该项目将有助于扩大在科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）领域的少数民族学生的小，但有价值的池，通过支持历史上黑人学院/大学（HBCU）内的物理海洋学数值模拟实验室，并通过为本科生和研究生提供机会在HBCU通过探究式学习将研究与他们的教育相结合。这项研究是与美国海军学院（USNA）合作，它将为非HBCU（USNA）提供一个途径，从HBCU学习如何提高少数民族保留和促进STEM教育的包容性文化。拟议研究的结果将在学术会议、当地利益相关者和公共宣传活动中公布，科学发现将发表在同行评审的科学期刊上。虽然研究将侧重于MCB，该项目预计将通过开发领域，通过将波浪效应的知识扩展到一个新的几何尺度和物理条件范围，测试了波浪效应建模的参数化。几十年来，科学家们一直在争论波流理论的优点和局限性，几乎没有共识;实地测试这些理论将为这些讨论提供有价值的见解。此外，波浪对多进气道系统（如MCB）动力学的影响很少受到关注;这项研究将拓宽对新几何形状波浪效应的理解。波浪和潮下带过程之间的反馈也将被检查，以量化整体风暴影响的变化，这取决于强迫的组合。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

Implementation and comparison of the recent three-dimensional radiation stress theory and vortex-force formalism in an unstructured-grid coastal circulation model

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106771
• 发表时间: 2020-08
• 期刊: Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Meng Xia;Miaohua Mao;Qianru Niu

Characteristics of Surface Currents in a Shallow Lagoon–Inlet–Coastal Ocean System Revealed by Surface Drifter Observations

• DOI: 10.1007/s12237-022-01086-6
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Estuaries and Coasts
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Katherine Fitzenreiter;Miaohua Mao;Meng Xia

Stratification variability in a lagoon system in response to a passing storm

泻湖系统中的分层变化对经过的风暴的响应

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.12016
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Kang, Xinyi;Xia, Meng
• 通讯作者: Xia, Meng

The Study of the Hurricane-Induced Storm Surge and Bay-Ocean Exchange Using a Nesting Model

使用嵌套模型研究飓风引发的风暴潮和海湾-海洋交换

• DOI: 10.1007/s12237-020-00695-3
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Estuaries and coasts
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Kang, Xinyi;Xia, Meng
• 通讯作者: Xia, Meng