Acoustic Streaming Flows Induced by Microbubbles in Viscoelastic Fluids: Fundamentals and Applications to Micro-Rheometry

向水中加入微量的聚合物可以将溶液变成弱弹性流体，其表现出粘性，液体状和弹性，固体状的行为。弹性行为是由于聚合物在流动下的拉伸和卷曲。即使是弱弹性也会对流体行为产生深远的影响，这在许多工业应用中是必不可少的，从喷雾和农药沉积到管道流动中的减阻。为了在这些应用中实现所需的结果，准确测量流体粘度和弹性至关重要。虽然粘度很容易测量，但弱弹性流体的弹性却很难测量。测量弹性的一种潜在方法是使用由在声场中振动的微型气泡引起的稳定流动。由气泡引起的流型将根据声频和流体性质而改变，从而允许推断流体弹性。该奖项的主要目的是提供一个粘弹性流体中微气泡诱导流动的关键因素的深刻理解。该奖项还将通过本科生研究项目、少数民族和代表性不足的学生参与研究以及针对初中和高中生的推广模块，开展重要的教育活动，传播微流体的应用以及粘弹性流体的概念。准确测量低粘度弹性流体的弛豫时间仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。该奖项将通过使用声学驱动的微泡来应对这一挑战。所产生的气泡的稳定的流动取决于驱动声学和流体弹性，建议可行的微泡为基础的流变测量装置，用于测量小的弛豫时间。在这项研究中，PI将结合联合收割机实验、模拟和理论建模，通过以下方式阐明弹性和声学流动之间的相互作用：1）进行系统的实验以表征气泡动力学和流动行为，2）基于渐近方法导出适当的理论以理解流体弹性和声学振荡的相互作用，3）建立数值模型以准确地预测流动模式，通过用任务1的结果验证模拟，4）工程化新型流变仪--该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的学术价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

Adding minute amounts of polymers into water can turn the solution into a weakly elastic fluid, which exhibit both viscous, liquid-like, and elastic, solid-like behaviors. The elastic behavior is due to stretching and coiling of polymers under flow. Even weak elasticity can have a profound effect on fluid behaviors, which are essential in many industrial applications, ranging from spraying and pesticide deposition to drag reduction in piping flows. To achieve the desired outcomes in those applications, it is critical to accurately measure the fluid viscosity and elasticity. While viscosity is easy to measure, the elasticity of weakly elastic fluids has been challenging to measure. One potential method to measure elasticity is to use steady flows caused by a micro-sized bubble that is vibrating in an acoustic field. The flow patterns that are induced by the bubble will change depending on the acoustic frequency and the fluid properties, allowing inferring of the fluid elasticity. The principal aim of this award is to provide a deep understanding of the key factors governing the microbubble induced flows in a viscoelastic fluid. This award will also incorporate significant educational activities, which disseminate applications of microfluidics as well as concept of viscoelastic fluids through undergraduate research projects, engagement of minority and underrepresented students into research, and outreach modules that are aimed at middle and high school students.Accurate measurement of relaxation times of low-viscosity elastic fluids is still a challenging task. This award will tackle this challenge by using acoustically driven microbubbles. The steady streaming flows arising from the bubble are shown to depend on the driving acoustics and fluid elasticity, suggesting feasible microbubble-based rheometry devices for measuring small relaxation times. In this research, the PIs will combine experiments, simulations, and theoretical modeling to elucidate the interplay between elasticity and acoustic streaming flows by: 1) conducting systematic experiments to characterize the bubble dynamics and streaming flow behavior, 2) deriving appropriate theory based on the asymptotic method to understand the interaction of the fluid elasticity and acoustic oscillations, 3) establishing numerical models to accurately predict the flow patterns, by validating the simulations with the outcome of Task 1, and 4) engineering novel rheometer-on-a-chip devices using the developed models in task 3.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.