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Origin and diversification of evolutionary novelties: insights through the study of beetle horns, insect wings, and bilaterian heads

进化新颖性的起源和多样化：通过研究甲虫角、昆虫翅膀和两侧对称动物头部的见解

基本信息

批准号：
1901680
负责人：
Armin Moczek
金额：
$ 86.14万
依托单位：
Indiana University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-06-01 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1901680&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Origin diversification evolutionary novelties insights

项目摘要

Understanding how novel complex traits such as eyes, feathers, or light-producing organs originate is a fundamental goal of the biological sciences. This work will investigate how nature innovates, by using insects as model organisms, and by assessing the significance of two proposed, alternative routes to novelty. The first route posits that much innovation is made possible through the re-use- and re-combination of already existing biological features, from genes to tissue types to organs, not unlike how the pre-existing building blocks of Lego creations can be reassembled and recombined to generate novel structures. The second route in turn emphasizes how novel traits may originate from scratch, piece by piece over time. Ultimately, the work will contrast the mechanisms, efficiency, and consequences of innovation via these two routes, and how they may help us understand why and how life on earth has innovated and diversified the way it has. This work will also be leveraged to further expand an existing, highly successful collaboration with a children's museum to train science teachers in support of Indiana Science Teaching Standards, and to develop teaching resources for special education and ESL students. Similarly, this work will be used to enhance the participation of underrepresented minorities in science through the research team's participation in three award winning summer programs and the recruitment of minority High School students into the group for individualized summer research immersion. Lastly, this work will train at least six scientists in interdisciplinary research.How novel, complex traits originate, how they integrate into preexisting contexts without disruption, and the developmental properties that facilitate their subsequent diversification, all remain overall poorly understood. This work utilizes horned beetles, and the disparate routes of innovation exemplified by different types of horns, to address these challenges. The first major objective focuses on prothoracic horns, which preliminary evidence strongly suggests have evolved through the repurposing of wing serial homologs, and explores how innovation may be facilitated and biased if it relies on the re-use of preassembled morphological structures, their developmental underpinnings and gene networks. The outcomes of this effort will be contrasted to those of the second major objective, which explores how innovation is enabled and directed in circumstances when large scale exaptation of pre-existing modules is not an option. This second objective will utilize the head horns of horned beetles as a focal trait, which lack even remote homology to other insect structures, and which preliminary data show evolved in the absence of large scale repurposing. Contrasting the outcomes of both objectives will afford assessment of the distinctness and commonalities of both routes of innovation with respect to biases, constraints, and resulting developmental architectures. This work will be executed using comparative RNAsequencing and surveys of gene function across multiple species selected based on their phylogenetic positions and the degree of innovation embodied by their focal traits.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解诸如眼睛、羽毛或发光器官等新的复杂特征是如何起源的，是生物科学的一个基本目标。这项工作将探讨自然如何创新，通过使用昆虫作为模式生物，并通过评估两个建议的意义，替代路线的新颖性。第一条路线假定，通过重新使用和重新组合已经存在的生物特征，从基因到组织类型再到器官，许多创新都是可能的，就像乐高作品中预先存在的积木可以重新组装和重组以产生新的结构一样。第二条路线则强调新的特征是如何随着时间的推移一点一点地从无到有地产生的。最终，这项工作将通过这两条路线对比创新的机制，效率和后果，以及它们如何帮助我们理解地球上的生命为什么以及如何创新和多样化。这项工作也将被用来进一步扩大现有的，非常成功的合作与儿童博物馆培训科学教师，以支持印第安纳州科学教学标准，并开发教学资源，为特殊教育和ESL学生。同样，这项工作将被用来提高代表性不足的少数民族在科学的参与，通过研究团队的参与三个获奖的暑期课程和少数民族高中学生的招聘到组为个性化的暑期研究沉浸。最后，这项工作将培养至少六名跨学科研究的科学家。新的、复杂的特征是如何产生的，它们是如何不受干扰地融入先前存在的环境的，以及促进它们随后多样化的发展特性，所有这些都总体上知之甚少。这项工作利用角甲虫，以及不同类型的角所体现的不同创新路线，来应对这些挑战。第一个主要目标集中在prothoracic角，初步证据强烈表明，通过重新利用翅膀系列同源物的演变，并探讨如何创新可能会促进和偏见，如果它依赖于重新使用预组装的形态结构，其发展的基础和基因网络。这一努力的结果将与第二个主要目标的结果进行对比，第二个主要目标探讨了在无法大规模扩展现有模块的情况下如何实现和指导创新。第二个目标将利用角甲虫的头角作为焦点特征，它与其他昆虫结构甚至缺乏远程同源性，并且初步数据显示在没有大规模再利用的情况下进化。对比这两个目标的结果，将提供评估的差异和共性的两条创新路线的偏见，限制，并由此产生的发展架构。这项工作将通过比较RNA测序和基因功能调查在多个物种中进行，这些物种是根据它们的系统发育位置和它们的重点特征所体现的创新程度而选择的。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。