Origin and diversification of evolutionary novelties: insights through the study of beetle horns, insect wings, and bilaterian heads

进化新颖性的起源和多样化：通过研究甲虫角、昆虫翅膀和两侧对称动物头部的见解

基本信息

批准号：
1901680
负责人：
Armin Moczek
金额：
$ 86.14万
依托单位：
Indiana University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-06-01 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1901680&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Origin diversification evolutionary novelties insights

项目摘要

Understanding how novel complex traits such as eyes, feathers, or light-producing organs originate is a fundamental goal of the biological sciences. This work will investigate how nature innovates, by using insects as model organisms, and by assessing the significance of two proposed, alternative routes to novelty. The first route posits that much innovation is made possible through the re-use- and re-combination of already existing biological features, from genes to tissue types to organs, not unlike how the pre-existing building blocks of Lego creations can be reassembled and recombined to generate novel structures. The second route in turn emphasizes how novel traits may originate from scratch, piece by piece over time. Ultimately, the work will contrast the mechanisms, efficiency, and consequences of innovation via these two routes, and how they may help us understand why and how life on earth has innovated and diversified the way it has. This work will also be leveraged to further expand an existing, highly successful collaboration with a children's museum to train science teachers in support of Indiana Science Teaching Standards, and to develop teaching resources for special education and ESL students. Similarly, this work will be used to enhance the participation of underrepresented minorities in science through the research team's participation in three award winning summer programs and the recruitment of minority High School students into the group for individualized summer research immersion. Lastly, this work will train at least six scientists in interdisciplinary research.How novel, complex traits originate, how they integrate into preexisting contexts without disruption, and the developmental properties that facilitate their subsequent diversification, all remain overall poorly understood. This work utilizes horned beetles, and the disparate routes of innovation exemplified by different types of horns, to address these challenges. The first major objective focuses on prothoracic horns, which preliminary evidence strongly suggests have evolved through the repurposing of wing serial homologs, and explores how innovation may be facilitated and biased if it relies on the re-use of preassembled morphological structures, their developmental underpinnings and gene networks. The outcomes of this effort will be contrasted to those of the second major objective, which explores how innovation is enabled and directed in circumstances when large scale exaptation of pre-existing modules is not an option. This second objective will utilize the head horns of horned beetles as a focal trait, which lack even remote homology to other insect structures, and which preliminary data show evolved in the absence of large scale repurposing. Contrasting the outcomes of both objectives will afford assessment of the distinctness and commonalities of both routes of innovation with respect to biases, constraints, and resulting developmental architectures. This work will be executed using comparative RNAsequencing and surveys of gene function across multiple species selected based on their phylogenetic positions and the degree of innovation embodied by their focal traits.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解新颖的复杂特征（例如眼睛，羽毛或产生光的器官）如何起源是生物学科学的基本目标。这项工作将通过使用昆虫作为模型生物以及评估两种提出的新颖途径的意义来研究自然如何创新。第一条路线认为，通过重新使用和重新组合已经存在的生物学特征，从基因到组织类型再到器官都可以使很多创新成为可能，这与如何重新组装并重新组合了乐高乐高创作的构建块，以生成新颖的结构。第二条路线反过来强调了新颖的特征可能会随着时间的流逝而逐步出发。最终，这项工作将通过这两条路线对比创新的机制，效率和后果进行对比，以及它们如何帮助我们了解地球上的生命以及如何以它的方式创新和多样化。这项工作还将被利用，以进一步扩大与儿童博物馆的现有，非常成功的合作，以培训科学教师，以支持印第安纳科学教学标准，并为特殊教育和ESL学生开发教学资源。同样，这项工作将通过研究小组参与三个获奖夏季计划，并招募少数民族高中学生参加该小组的夏季研究，从而增强了代表性不足的少数民族参与科学的参与。最后，这项工作将在跨学科研究中至少培训六位科学家。小说，复杂的特征是如何起源的，它们如何在不中断的情况下整合到先前存在的环境中，以及促进其后续多元化的发展特性，所有这些都保持不足。这项工作利用角甲虫，以及不同类型的角的不同创新途径来应对这些挑战。第一个主要目标侧重于胸膜角，初步证据强烈地表明，通过重新利用机翼串行同源物的发展，并探讨了如果重新使用预组建的形态结构，其发展的基础和基因网络和基因网络。这项工作的结果将与第二个主要目标的结果形成鲜明对比，后者探讨了在大规模消除预先存在的模块的情况下如何启用和指导创新的结果。第二个目标将利用角甲虫的头角作为焦点性状，甚至缺乏与其他昆虫结构的远程同源性，并且在没有大规模重新使用的情况下，这些初步数据显示出来。将两个目标的结果进行对比，将评估两种创新途径在偏见，约束和产生的发展体系结构方面的独特性和共同点。这项工作将使用基于其系统发育位置的多种物种的比较rnasequencing和基因功能的比较调查以及其焦点特征所体现的创新程度来执行。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的智力功能和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得的。