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Origin and diversification of evolutionary novelties: insights through the study of beetle horns, insect wings, and bilaterian heads

进化新颖性的起源和多样化：通过研究甲虫角、昆虫翅膀和两侧对称动物头部的见解

基本信息

批准号：
1901680
负责人：
Armin Moczek
金额：
$ 86.14万
依托单位：
Indiana University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-06-01 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1901680&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Origin diversification evolutionary novelties insights

项目摘要

Understanding how novel complex traits such as eyes, feathers, or light-producing organs originate is a fundamental goal of the biological sciences. This work will investigate how nature innovates, by using insects as model organisms, and by assessing the significance of two proposed, alternative routes to novelty. The first route posits that much innovation is made possible through the re-use- and re-combination of already existing biological features, from genes to tissue types to organs, not unlike how the pre-existing building blocks of Lego creations can be reassembled and recombined to generate novel structures. The second route in turn emphasizes how novel traits may originate from scratch, piece by piece over time. Ultimately, the work will contrast the mechanisms, efficiency, and consequences of innovation via these two routes, and how they may help us understand why and how life on earth has innovated and diversified the way it has. This work will also be leveraged to further expand an existing, highly successful collaboration with a children's museum to train science teachers in support of Indiana Science Teaching Standards, and to develop teaching resources for special education and ESL students. Similarly, this work will be used to enhance the participation of underrepresented minorities in science through the research team's participation in three award winning summer programs and the recruitment of minority High School students into the group for individualized summer research immersion. Lastly, this work will train at least six scientists in interdisciplinary research.How novel, complex traits originate, how they integrate into preexisting contexts without disruption, and the developmental properties that facilitate their subsequent diversification, all remain overall poorly understood. This work utilizes horned beetles, and the disparate routes of innovation exemplified by different types of horns, to address these challenges. The first major objective focuses on prothoracic horns, which preliminary evidence strongly suggests have evolved through the repurposing of wing serial homologs, and explores how innovation may be facilitated and biased if it relies on the re-use of preassembled morphological structures, their developmental underpinnings and gene networks. The outcomes of this effort will be contrasted to those of the second major objective, which explores how innovation is enabled and directed in circumstances when large scale exaptation of pre-existing modules is not an option. This second objective will utilize the head horns of horned beetles as a focal trait, which lack even remote homology to other insect structures, and which preliminary data show evolved in the absence of large scale repurposing. Contrasting the outcomes of both objectives will afford assessment of the distinctness and commonalities of both routes of innovation with respect to biases, constraints, and resulting developmental architectures. This work will be executed using comparative RNAsequencing and surveys of gene function across multiple species selected based on their phylogenetic positions and the degree of innovation embodied by their focal traits.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解眼睛、羽毛或发光器官等新颖复杂特征的起源是生物科学的基本目标。这项工作将通过使用昆虫作为模式生物来研究自然如何创新，并评估两条拟议的替代创新途径的重要性。第一条路线认为，许多创新是通过重复使用和重新组合现有的生物特征（从基因到组织类型到器官）来实现的，这与乐高作品中预先存在的构建块可以重新组装和重新组合以生成新颖的结构不同。第二条路线反过来强调了新特征如何从头开始，随着时间的推移一点一点地产生。最终，这项工作将对比这两种途径创新的机制、效率和后果，以及它们如何帮助我们理解地球生命为何以及如何创新和多样化。这项工作还将进一步扩大与儿童博物馆现有的非常成功的合作，以培训科学教师以支持印第安纳州科学教学标准，并为特殊教育和 ESL 学生开发教学资源。同样，这项工作将通过研究团队参与三个获奖的暑期项目以及招募少数族裔高中生加入该小组进行个性化的暑期研究沉浸式活动，来增强代表性不足的少数族裔对科学的参与。最后，这项工作将培训至少六名从事跨学科研究的科学家。新颖、复杂的特征是如何起源的，它们如何不受干扰地融入预先存在的环境，以及促进其随后多样化的发展特性，所有这些总体上仍然知之甚少。这项工作利用角甲虫以及以不同类型的角为代表的不同创新路线来应对这些挑战。第一个主要目标集中在前胸角，初步证据强烈表明前胸角是通过翅膀序列同源物的重新利用而进化的，并探索如果依赖于预组装形态结构、其发育基础和基因网络的重复使用，如何促进创新和产生偏见。这一努力的结果将与第二个主要目标的结果形成对比，第二个主要目标探讨了在无法大规模扩展现有模块的情况下如何启用和指导创新。第二个目标将利用角甲虫的头角作为焦点特征，其与其他昆虫结构甚至缺乏遥远的同源性，并且初步数据显示其在没有大规模重新利用的情况下进化。对比这两个目标的结果将有助于评估两条创新路线在偏见、约束和由此产生的发展架构方面的独特性和共性。这项工作将使用比较 RNA 测序和对多个物种的基因功能调查来执行，这些物种是根据其系统发育位置和其焦点性状所体现的创新程度而选择的。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。