Excavation in the Northwestern Lower Town of Tiryns: Lifeworld and cultural practice in a newly founded sector of the settlement of the Mycenaean post-palatial period

在过去几十年中获得的洞察力表明，在公元前12世纪，即宫殿消亡之后，迈锡尼梯林斯的发展与所有其他以前的中心都非常不同，因为它的扩张正好在其他遗址遭受衰落的时候。除了上城堡的宫殿区域，最不寻常的建筑动态发生在下城区。在那里，在一条改道河流的干涸沉积物之上，在LH IIIC的最早部分创建了新的定居点，这可能是由新的后宫殿精英成员发起的，他们遵循并完成了最终的宫殿“总体规划”。事实上，在宫殿晚期，整个区域仍然被一条溪流穿过，并且在其重新定向之前无法进行开发，这为在公元前12世纪规划新的定居点提供了难得的机会，而不必考虑早期的建筑。考虑。因此，通过对建筑和装置的分析，可以推断出这些文化规范和实践，居民在此基础上塑造了他们的生活世界。发掘的主要目的在于更好地了解公元前12世纪这部分遗址的建筑动态背景，并将定居点遗迹作为档案，用于分析这一时期的文化和社会历史，在此期间，迈锡尼的蒂林斯社区遵循了与所有其他迈锡尼中心截然不同的轨迹。在西北下城的挖掘开启了迈锡尼希腊定居考古学的新篇章，只要-通过广泛的微观考古学分析方法，扩展了对发现和挖掘特征进行分析的既定方法，这些方法在这种组合中尚未在希腊青铜时代使用，并将有助于阐明活动和社会地位的历时变化居住在这片区域的族群 第一个供资期迄今为止取得的成果突出表明，蒂林斯北方下城是爱琴海地区独一无二的一个纪念碑，是公元前12世纪连贯的定居点设计的产物，因为只有在塞浦路斯才能看到类似的广泛和保存完好的建筑结构。由于墙壁、地板和设施的良好保存状态以及大量的可移动物体，有多种可能性来实现确定居民通过其构成和改变其生活世界的文化习俗这一首要目标。

Insights gained during the last decades have shown that during the 12th cent. BC, i.e. after the demise of the palace, Mycenaean Tiryns has developed very differently from all other former centers, since it expanded exactly at the time, when the other sites suffered a decline. Aside from the area of the palace on the Upper Citadel, the most unusual architectural dynamic occurred in the area of the Lower Town. There, on top of dried-up sediments of a redirected stream new settlement quarters were created in the earliest part of LH IIIC which were probably initiated by members of the new post-palatial elites, who followed and fulfilled a final palatial "masterplan". The fact that the entire zone during the late palatial was still crossed by a stream and could not be developed prior to its redirection, opened-up the rare opportunity to plan new settlement quarters in the 12th cent. BC without having to take earlier buildings into consideration. Accordingly, by analyzing the architecture and installations inferences about those cultural norms and practices can be made on the basis of which the inhabitants shaped their lifeworld. The main goal of the excavation consists in better understanding the background of the architectural dynamic unfolding in the 12th cent. BC in this part of the site, and to use the settlement remains as an archive for analyzing the cultural and social history of the period during which the Mycenaean community of Tiryns followed such a decisively different trajectory than all other Mycenaean centers. The excavation in the Northwestern Lower Town opens a new chapter in the settlement archaeology of Mycenaean Greece, inasmuch as long- established methods of the analysis of finds and excavation features are expanded by a wide spectrum of microarchaeological analytical methods which in this combination have not yet been employed in the Greek Bronze Age and which will contribute to elucidate the diachronic changes in the activities and the social position of those groups inhabiting this area. The results obtained up till now in the first funding period have underlined the special position of the Northern Lower Town of Tiryns as a monument, unique in the Aegean, of a coherent settlement design of the 12th cent. BC, since similar extensive and well- preserved architectural structures are only encountered on Cyprus. Thanks to the excellent state of preservation of walls, floors and installations and the large number of movable objects there are manifold possibilities to approach the over-arching goal of identifying those cultural practices through which the inhabitants have constituted and changed their lifeworld.