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Collaborative Research: Extensive Field Observations and Modeling to Understand Multi-band Precipitation Processes within Winter Storms

合作研究：广泛的实地观测和建模以了解冬季风暴中的多波段降水过程

基本信息

批准号：
1905736
负责人：
Sandra Yuter
金额：
$ 40.44万
依托单位：
North Carolina State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1905736&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Extensive Field Observations

项目摘要

Northeast U.S. winter storms have wide ranging societal and economic impacts, especially along the densely populated coastal corridor from Maryland to Massachusetts. Sets of long, thin features with enhanced precipitation rates called snowbands often occur within winter storms and contribute to large variations in snow fall accumulation over short distances. Forecasts for snow accumulation are hampered by gaps in understanding of how snowbands form and are maintained. The project will use high spatial and temporal resolution observations and weather models to resolve the processes within the larger storm that yield snowbands. A set of research instruments located on Long Island, NY will map the 3D storm structures every few minutes. Measurements will address where and when the snow particles grow in the storm. Numerical weather modeling will examine the range of conditions associated with snowband formation and the characteristics of layers in the atmosphere in which the snowbands occur. The findings can help improve forecasting of snowfall accumulation as well as be applied to other geographic regions. The work will focus on intermittent processes for snowband genesis and maintenance. Previous work showed that sets of multiple snowbands can occur with little or no frontogenesis, and the presence of instability did not determine whether bands formed. Additionally, analysis of radar observations did not show clear, sustained convergence signatures to be locked with snow multi-bands implying that multi-bands do not have sustained updrafts throughout their lifecycle. The work will address the role of gravity waves in helping to trigger the release of instabilities at small time and spatial scales that lead in turn to amplifying diabatic feedbacks that form the majority of mesoscale snowbands. The project will collect and analyze high spatial and time resolution observations of snowbands using a set of horizontal and vertical scanning radars, scanning LIDAR, additional sounding launches, high-resolution pressure sensors, and surface snow imagery. The observations will permit examination of the joint interactions over time among released instability, dynamics, and microphysics at spatial scales 1 km and time scales of a few minutes. The project will use modeling to examine the band forcing and stability phase space using a large suite of idealized simulations down to large-eddy scales. This work will provide an improved understanding of banded precipitation within the comma head of extratropical cyclones along the densely populated northeast coast.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国东北部的冬季风暴具有广泛的社会和经济影响，特别是沿着从马里兰州到马萨诸塞州人口稠密的沿海走廊。一组又长又薄的特征，具有增强的降水率，称为雪带，经常出现在冬季风暴中，并导致短距离内降雪量的巨大变化。由于对雪带如何形成和维持的理解存在差距，积雪的预测受到阻碍。该项目将使用高空间和时间分辨率观测和天气模型，以解决产生雪带的较大风暴内的过程。位于纽约长岛的一套研究仪器将每隔几分钟绘制一次3D风暴结构。测量结果将确定雪粒在风暴中生长的时间和地点。数值天气模拟将研究与雪带形成相关的条件范围以及雪带发生的大气层特征。这些发现可以帮助改善降雪累积的预测，并适用于其他地理区域。这项工作将集中在雪带的形成和维持的间歇过程。以前的工作表明，多个雪带的集合可以在很少或没有锋生的情况下发生，并且不稳定的存在并不能决定是否形成带。此外，对雷达观测结果的分析没有显示出与雪多波段锁定的清晰、持续的会聚特征，这意味着多波段在其整个生命周期中没有持续的上升气流。这项工作将解决重力波在帮助触发小时间和空间尺度不稳定性释放方面的作用，这反过来又会导致放大非绝热反馈，形成大多数中尺度雪带。该项目将使用一套水平和垂直扫描雷达、扫描激光雷达、额外的探空发射、高分辨率压力传感器和地表积雪图像来收集和分析雪带的高空间和时间分辨率观测。这些观测将允许在1公里的空间尺度和几分钟的时间尺度上检查释放的不稳定性，动力学和微观物理学之间随时间的联合相互作用。该项目将使用建模来检查带强迫和稳定性相空间，使用一套大的理想化模拟到大涡尺度。这项工作将提供一个更好的了解带状降水的逗点头部的extratrophic气旋沿着人口稠密的东北coast.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得的支持，通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。