Average and Variability Characteristics of Orographic Precipitation at Multiple Scales

多尺度地形降水平均及变异特征

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0544766
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 33万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2006-02-01 至 2010-01-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Two major field programs, the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) (1999) in the southern Alps and the Improvement of Microphysical PaRameterization through Observational Verification Experiment (IMPROVE) (2000 and 2001) in Washington and Oregon have yielded many new findings regarding orographic precipitation mechanisms. This research will build on and extend several key results regarding the microphysics and dynamics of orographic precipitation using special observations obtained in the MAP and IMPROVE, National Weather Service operational data sets, and comparisons with mesoscale model output. An important theme emerging from the analysis of the MAP and IMPROVE data sets is the variability of orographic precipitation over multiple scales in space and time. For scales 2 km, different three-dimensional patterns of precipitation occur in blocked versus unblocked flow over terrain. Small-scale precipitation features develop upstream and drift toward the mountains. Simultaneously, other small-scale features develop that are locked to terrain. Air parcels flowing over mountains often cross each other's paths, scrambling both sets of thermodynamic and microphysical properties. The first component of the research will build on these findings by examining several winter seasons of operational National Weather Service WSR-88D radar and upper-air soundings from precipitation events in southern Washington and northern Oregon. Precipitation patterns, their frequency, variability in space and time, and relationships to the coastal and Cascade mountain ranges will be characterized in a manner to facilitate objective comparison to regional mesoscale model output supplied by a collaborating Principal Investigator. Analyses of the MAP data sets have revealed microphysical variability at the scale of hundreds of meters within a wide range of precipitation intensities as well as the importance of accretion both above and below the 0 degree C level to the high precipitation efficiencies observed in orographic precipitation. Analyses of the IMPROVE data sets indicate small-scale convective overturning as a mechanism of precipitation enhancement. The second component of the research will extend and refine these results. Key unanswered questions relate to the frequency of small-scale convective overturning and the details of the joint variability of small-scale vertical air motions and precipitation intensity. Analysis of vertically pointing radar and precipitation measurements from existing data sets will focus on characterization of small-scale variability in terms of ensemble properties. Intellectual merit: Improvement of quantitative precipitation forecasting is a major initiative of the U.S. Weather Research Program. This research will evaluate the applicability of the new conceptual models of orographic precipitation mechanisms derived from MAP and IMPROVE studies. The potential need for parameterizations of sub-grid scale variability of vertical air motion will be evaluated. Methods developed will facilitate future use of operational radar data sets to routinely evaluate forecast model performance. Broader impacts: Results will be shared with the regional operational forecast community as well as within seminars and guest lectures for relevant courses. The project will involve the education and training of a graduate student and an undergraduate research assistant.
两个主要的实地项目,南阿尔卑斯山的中尺度阿尔卑斯计划(MAP)(1999)和华盛顿和俄勒冈州的通过观测验证实验改进微物理参数化(IMPROVE)(2000和2001)已经获得了许多关于地形降水机制的新发现。 这项研究将建立和扩展几个关键结果的微物理学和动力学的地形降水使用特殊的观察中获得的地图和改进,国家气象局业务数据集,并与中尺度模型输出的比较。通过对地图和IMPROVE数据集的分析,出现了一个重要的主题,即地形降水在空间和时间上的多尺度变化。 对于2 km尺度,地形上的阻塞流与非阻塞流会出现不同的三维降水模式。 小尺度降水特征向上游发展并向山区漂移。 与此同时,其他小规模的特征也被锁定在地形上。 在山脉上流动的空气包经常会交叉彼此的路径,扰乱热力学和微物理特性。 研究的第一部分将建立在这些发现的基础上,通过检查几个冬季的业务国家气象局WSR-88 D雷达和高空探测从降水事件在南部华盛顿和北方俄勒冈州。 降水模式、频率、空间和时间的变化以及与沿海和喀斯喀特山脉的关系将以便于与合作的主要研究者提供的区域中尺度模型输出进行客观比较的方式加以描述。对MAP数据集的分析揭示了在降水强度范围很广的数百米尺度上的微物理变化,以及0 ℃以上和0 ℃以下水平的堆积对在地形降水中观察到的高降水效率的重要性。 对IMPROVE数据集的分析表明,小尺度对流翻转是降水增强的一种机制。 研究的第二部分将扩展和完善这些结果。 尚未解答的关键问题涉及小规模对流翻转的频率以及小规模垂直空气运动和降水强度联合变异的细节。 对现有数据集的垂直指向雷达和降水测量数据的分析将侧重于从总体特性方面描述小尺度变异的特征。知识价值:改进定量降水预报是美国天气研究计划的一项重大举措。 本研究将评估来自MAP和IMPROVE研究的地形降水机制的新概念模型的适用性。 将评估对垂直空气运动的次网格尺度变率进行参数化的潜在需要。 所开发的方法将有助于今后使用业务雷达数据集来例行评估预报模式的性能。更广泛的影响:结果将与区域运营预测界以及相关课程的研讨会和客座讲座中分享。 该项目将涉及一名研究生和一名本科生研究助理的教育和培训。

项目成果

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Sandra Yuter其他文献

Sandra Yuter的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Sandra Yuter', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: Extensive Field Observations and Modeling to Understand Multi-band Precipitation Processes within Winter Storms
合作研究:广泛的实地观测和建模以了解冬季风暴中的多波段降水过程
  • 批准号:
    1905736
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 33万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Mechanisms Governing Synoptic-scale, Rapid Cloud Dissipation in Subtropical Marine Low Clouds
合作研究:副热带海洋低云天气尺度快速云消散的控制机制
  • 批准号:
    1656314
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 33万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Observations and Modeling of Mesoscale Precipitation Banding in Cool-season Storms
合作研究:冷季风暴中尺度降水带的观测和模拟
  • 批准号:
    1347491
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 33万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Real Examples of Classic Storm Structures for Classroom Use Based on Data from FRONT-PORCH
基于 FRONT-PORCH 数据的课堂经典风暴结构的真实示例
  • 批准号:
    1303025
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 33万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: The Wasatch Hydrometeor Aggregation and Riming Experiment
合作研究:瓦萨奇水凝物聚集和沸腾实验
  • 批准号:
    1127759
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 33万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Intermittent and Steady State Processes in Orographic Precipitation
合作研究:地形降水的间歇和稳态过程
  • 批准号:
    0908420
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 33万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Inhibition of Snowfall by Pollution Aerosols
合作研究:污染气溶胶抑制降雪
  • 批准号:
    0835368
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 33万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Scales and Characteristics of Convective Processes in Orographic Precipitation
地形降水对流过程的规模和特征
  • 批准号:
    0630529
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    $ 33万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Scales and Characteristics of Convective Processes in Orographic Precipitation
地形降水对流过程的规模和特征
  • 批准号:
    0121963
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助金额:
    $ 33万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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