Addressing Societal Challenges through STEM (ASCs): A Research Synthesis

通过 STEM (ASC) 应对社会挑战:研究综述

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1906556
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 24.88万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2019-06-01 至 2021-05-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Informal STEM Learning (ISL) organizations have increasingly engaged in innovative ways to present STEM knowledge within the context of societal challenges. For almost every major societal issue -- from biodiversity conservation to cybersecurity, from considering how robotics will change the ways we live, to genetic engineering or to coastal resilience and food security -- there is a science center, national park, natural history museum, a zoo, or an aquarium hosting an exhibit or citizen science project, convening a dialogue program, or planning a community initiative related to that topic. What have we learned from these efforts? What do we know about how ISLs are engaging with and addressing socio-scientific concerns? Where are the gaps in understanding about what works and what doesn't? For example: Is STEM knowledge more approachable when situated within a social question? Are socio-scientific concerns more approachable when viewed through a STEM lens? Are there heuristics or guiding principles that can maximize the impact of these efforts? With increasingly sophisticated methodologies for conducting research syntheses, it is now possible to mine disparate studies, explore relationships between variables, and examine trends within and across groups of studies. Taking the opportunity to aggregate what we know is critical for improving public audience experience and institutional outcomes.For purposes of this research, societal challenge is defined as a social problem where: STEM knowledge and scientific reasoning are necessary to understand and to respond; and there are claims or warrants for ISL's to engage in the problem. Three bodies of peer and field reviewed literature (peer-reviewed journals, graduate theses, and evaluation reports of nationally-funded projects) provide the source for studies to be included in the research synthesis. The team's approach contains several cycles starting with a search by combinations of keywords (e.g. cybersecurity, coastal resilience, social problems, social issues, science controversies, public polls) and a review of the Table of Contents of approximately 30 journals (such as Curator: The Museum Journal, Museums & Social Issues, or Visitor Studies) and archives (such as informalscience.org) that publish or archive ISL research. Subsequent cycles will (1) search journals cited from initial items retrieved until no new concepts or projects emerge; (2) review grants awarded through NSF and IMLS; and (3) examine peer-reviewed articles related to projects that may show up in the literature of other disciplines. Studies will be classified using a scheme that includes metadata (date, source of publication and keywords) and categories suggested by the research questions (e.g., intended audience, STEM discipline(s), types of impact, intervention format, societal issue). Next, studies will be assessed for inclusion in the analysis by evaluating their relevance (sources and evidence of claims), usefulness (contains adequate information for analysis purposes), and clarity of methodology(ies) used. NVIVO software will be used to manage the analysis of the literature. The coding system will draw on theoretical constructs (e.g., social phenomenology, issues framing, rhetoric, social problems claims), the research questions, and iterations of mapping and exploring the literature. Advisors with expertise in socio-scientific research, public engagement with science, and evaluation will review and inform the coding plan; an external panel will assist in finalizing the coding plan. Descriptive and correlational analysis will be conducted to identify patterns, themes, and trends and to examine relationships between groups of data. The interpretation process will involve the PIs and the advisors exploring implications and conclusions. Outputs and activities under this award include the research synthesis report and several research briefs as well as researcher-practitioner webinars to share the research. The professional audiences for this research are: (a) individuals working with ISL organizations, particularly practitioners who engage public audiences through exhibits or education programs, and those who set direction or policy; (b) researchers and evaluators; and (c) university students and faculty associated with museum studies or STEM disciplines that contain a public communications focus. ASC is funded by the Advancing Informal STEM Learning (AISL) program, which seeks to advance new approaches to, and evidence-based understanding of, the design and development of STEM learning in informal environments. This includes providing multiple pathways for broadening access to and engagement in STEM learning experiences, advancing innovative research on and assessment of STEM learning in informal environments, and developing understandings of deeper learning by participants.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
非正式STEM学习(ISL)组织越来越多地采用创新方式,在社会挑战的背景下呈现STEM知识。对于几乎每一个重大的社会问题——从生物多样性保护到网络安全,从考虑机器人将如何改变我们的生活方式,到基因工程或沿海恢复力和食品安全——都有一个科学中心、国家公园、自然历史博物馆、动物园或水族馆举办展览或公民科学项目,召集对话程序,或计划一个与该主题相关的社区倡议。我们从这些努力中学到了什么?我们对isl如何参与和解决社会科学问题了解多少?在理解什么是有效的,什么是无效的方面,差距在哪里?例如:在一个社会问题中,STEM知识是否更平易近人?从STEM的角度来看,社会科学问题是否更容易接近?是否有启发式或指导原则可以最大化这些努力的影响?随着进行综合研究的方法越来越复杂,现在可以挖掘不同的研究,探索变量之间的关系,并检查研究组内和组间的趋势。抓住机会汇总我们所知道的对于改善公众受众体验和机构成果至关重要。为了本研究的目的,社会挑战被定义为一个社会问题,其中:STEM知识和科学推理是理解和应对所必需的;而且ISL也有参与这个问题的要求或授权。三个同行和领域评审文献(同行评审期刊、研究生论文和国家资助项目的评估报告)提供了纳入研究综合的研究来源。该团队的方法包含几个周期,首先是通过关键词组合搜索(例如,网络安全,沿海恢复力,社会问题,社会问题,科学争议,民意调查),然后查看大约30种期刊(如馆长:博物馆期刊,博物馆与社会问题,或游客研究)和档案(如informalscience.org)的目录,这些期刊发表或存档了ISL研究。随后的循环将(1)从最初检索到的项目开始搜索被引用的期刊,直到没有新的概念或项目出现;(2)审查NSF和IMLS的拨款;(3)检查与其他学科文献中可能出现的项目相关的同行评议文章。研究将使用一种方案进行分类,该方案包括元数据(日期、出版来源和关键词)和研究问题建议的类别(例如,目标受众、STEM学科、影响类型、干预形式、社会问题)。接下来,将通过评估研究的相关性(索赔的来源和证据)、有用性(包含用于分析目的的足够信息)和所使用方法的清晰度来评估研究是否纳入分析。将使用NVIVO软件来管理文献分析。编码系统将利用理论结构(例如,社会现象学,问题框架,修辞学,社会问题主张),研究问题,以及映射和探索文献的迭代。在社会科学研究、公众参与科学和评估方面具有专业知识的顾问将审查并通报编码计划;一个外部小组将协助完成编码计划。将进行描述性和相关性分析,以确定模式、主题和趋势,并检查数据组之间的关系。解释过程将涉及pi和顾问探索影响和结论。该奖项的产出和活动包括研究综合报告和若干研究简报,以及研究人员-实践者网络研讨会,以分享研究成果。本研究的专业受众是:(a)与ISL组织合作的个人,特别是通过展览或教育项目吸引公众的从业者,以及制定方向或政策的人;(b)研究人员和评价人员;(c)与博物馆研究或STEM学科相关的大学生和教师,这些学科包含公共传播的重点。ASC由推进非正式STEM学习(AISL)计划资助,该计划旨在推进非正式环境中STEM学习的设计和开发的新方法和基于证据的理解。这包括提供多种途径,扩大STEM学习经验的获取和参与,推进非正式环境中STEM学习的创新研究和评估,以及发展参与者对深度学习的理解。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

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