Collaborative Research: Physics of and Climate Regulation by Convective Aggregation
合作研究:对流聚集的物理学和气候调节
基本信息
- 批准号:1906679
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 36.53万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2019
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2019-06-01 至 2024-05-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Large aggregations of deep, rain-bearing convective clouds are a key element of the weather in the tropics. The simultaneous occurrence of convective clouds over a large region can sometimes be explained in terms of external factors, such as continental heating or surface wind convergence driven by sea surface temperature (SST) contrasts. But perhaps convection can also aggregate spontaneously: not because external factors favor it, but because convection itself creates favorable conditions for additional convection. Such self-aggregation, in which convection begets convection, has been found in idealized simulations of the tropical atmosphere by the PIs and others.In these simulations self-aggregation is typically temperature dependent, increasing with SSTs, and as convection aggregates skies clear and dry in the non-convecting areas. The loss of energy to space by longwave radiation from the clear-sky regions subsequently cools the SSTs, which reduces aggregation and restores the sea surface to its original temperature. This restorative feedback loop could exert a powerful influence on the temperature of the tropics, acting to reduce both the variability of tropical SSTs and the increase in SSTs due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.The notion of self-aggregation as a tropical thermostat is intriguing, but so far the effect has been demonstrated and studied primarily in idealized models. Simplifications used in these models include limited geographical domain, uniform SSTs, and periodic lateral boundaries. More work is thus needed to determine if thermal regulation through self-aggregation is a robust effect in the real world. A logical next step in this direction is to look at self-aggregation in more sophisticated models.Under this award the Principal Investigators (PIs) examine the mechanisms of self-aggregation, and its potency for thermal regulation, in a global cloud resolving model called the System for Atmospheric Modeling. The model, developed by one of the PIs, can simulate the forms of convective aggregation seen in satellite images, including hurricanes and the large-scale Madden-Julian Oscillation. The model allows experiments in which various mechanisms thought to be responsible for aggregation are suppressed by direct intervention. For instance the importance of cloud longwave radiative effects can be assessed by averaging the radiative flux between clear and cloudy areas, thereby suppressing longwave radiation as a mechanism for aggregation. The model also includes a sophisticated representation of cloud microphysics, which enables tests of the sensitivity of aggregation to specific cloud properties. One issue to be addressed is the sensitivity of aggregation to the radiative properties of ice crystals near the tops of the clouds.The work is of societal as well as scientific interest given the large and populous portion of the earth that would be affected by the self-aggregation thermostat. A better understanding of convective aggregation could also be beneficial for predicting tropical weather, and results of this work could inform the development of forecast models. One area that could benefit is hurricane prediction, as hurricanes form from tropical cloud clusters, and the prediction of hurricane genesis remains a challenge. In addition, the project provides support and training for two graduate students, thereby providing for the future workforce in this research area.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
大量聚集的深层降雨对流云是热带天气的一个关键因素。在一个大的区域同时发生的对流云有时可以解释为外部因素,如大陆加热或海面温度(SST)差异驱动的地面风辐合。但也许对流也可以自发聚集:不是因为外部因素有利于它,而是因为对流本身为额外的对流创造了有利条件。这种自聚集现象,即对流引发对流,已经在PI和其他人对热带大气的理想化模拟中发现。在这些模拟中,自聚集通常与温度有关,随着SST的增加而增加,当对流聚集时,非对流区域的天空晴朗干燥。晴空区的长波辐射将能量损失到空间,随后冷却了SST,从而减少了聚集,使海面恢复到原来的温度。这种恢复性的反馈回路可以对热带地区的温度产生强大的影响,从而减少热带SST的变化和由于温室气体浓度增加而导致的SST增加。自聚集作为热带恒温器的概念是有趣的,但到目前为止,这种效应主要是在理想化的模型中被证明和研究的。在这些模型中使用的简化包括有限的地理区域,统一的SST,和周期性的横向边界。因此,需要更多的工作来确定通过自聚集的热调节在真实的世界中是否是一个强大的影响。在这个方向上,合乎逻辑的下一步是在更复杂的模型中研究自聚集。在这个奖项下,主要研究人员(PI)在一个名为“大气建模系统”的全球云解析模型中研究自聚集的机制及其对热调节的潜力。该模型由其中一个PI开发,可以模拟卫星图像中看到的对流聚集形式,包括飓风和大规模的Madden-Julian振荡。该模型允许实验中,被认为是负责聚集的各种机制被直接干预抑制。例如,云长波辐射效应的重要性可以通过对晴朗地区和多云地区之间的辐射通量进行平均来评估,从而抑制长波辐射作为一种聚集机制。该模型还包括一个复杂的云微物理表示,它可以测试聚合的敏感性,以特定的云属性。一个需要解决的问题是聚集对云层顶部附近冰晶辐射特性的敏感性。考虑到地球上人口众多的大部分地区将受到自聚集恒温器的影响,这项工作具有社会和科学意义。更好地了解对流聚集也可能有助于预测热带天气,这项工作的结果可以为预测模型的开发提供信息。一个可能受益的领域是飓风预测,因为飓风是由热带云团形成的,而飓风成因的预测仍然是一个挑战。此外,该项目还为两名研究生提供支持和培训,从而为该研究领域的未来劳动力提供支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Marat Khairoutdinov其他文献
Exploring the impact of surface topography on Rayleigh-Bénard dry convection in the Pi cloud chamber using OpenFOAM: In cylindrical and rectangular geometries
使用OpenFOAM探索表面形貌对Pi云室中瑞利 - 贝纳德干对流的影响:在圆柱和矩形几何形状中
- DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108144 - 发表时间:
2025-09-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.400
- 作者:
Hadi Zanganeh Kia;Fan Yang;Marat Khairoutdinov;Raymond A. Shaw;Aaron Wang;Yunsoo Choi - 通讯作者:
Yunsoo Choi
Marat Khairoutdinov的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Marat Khairoutdinov', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Towards Better Understanding of the Climate System Using a Global Storm-Resolving Model
合作研究:利用全球风暴解决模型更好地了解气候系统
- 批准号:
2218827 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 36.53万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Self-Aggregation of Moist Convection, Radiative-Convective Instability, and the Regulation of Tropical Climate
合作研究:湿对流的自聚集、辐射对流不稳定性以及热带气候的调节
- 批准号:
1418309 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 36.53万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Simulations of Anthropogenic Climate Change Using a Multi-Scale Modeling Framework
合作研究:使用多尺度建模框架模拟人为气候变化
- 批准号:
1048918 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 36.53万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Convective Organization and Climate
合作研究:对流组织与气候
- 批准号:
1032241 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 36.53万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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