Belmont Forum Collaborative Research (BiodivERsA): De-icing of Arctic Coasts: Critical or new opportunities for marine biodiversity and Ecosystem Services?

需要对社会经济和全球环境趋势在生物多样性和生态系统服务方面的复杂相互作用进行创新研究，以帮助制定更多信息的情景，应对环境和人类发展挑战。耦合的自然-人类系统;要克服这些挑战，就需要改进生物多样性和生态系统服务的设想方案，这些设想方案应整合土地使用变化、外来入侵物种、过度开发、环境变化、污染等直接和间接驱动因素的产出，以及这些驱动因素对生物多样性和生态系统服务的影响模型。这种整体方法提供了一种最先进的方法，可以对生物多样性和生态系统服务进行更准确的定量评估，并产生环境共同惠益。本研究以这种方法为基础，研究北极海冰损失对北极沿海地区生态系统和生态系统服务的影响，因为这些近岸沃茨是世界上最具生产力的水域之一。该项目美国部分的目标是研究北极季节性冰封和无冰海岸目前和未来变化造成的生物多样性和食物网变化。高分辨率多谱段卫星图像将补充实地数据。其他国家的合作者将得到其相关国家供资机构的支持。研究结果将用于评估生境丧失;海岸侵蚀和沉积物负荷增加对近岸海底生境和生物多样性变化的影响;以及这些过程对食物网的级联效应。 这项工作的更广泛影响包括与挪威、波兰、加拿大和丹麦的国际合作。该项目将在对北极有兴趣的国家和社区之间建立桥梁;让从地方社区到国家环境保护机构的利益攸关方参与，包括土著人民;开发一个关于受海冰损失影响的北极系统的广泛和丰富的公共数据资源，供各国和各学科的自然和社会科学家使用。该项目还为北极海岸的可持续社会生态管理制定了一个框架，这对于规划、建设和可持续发展矿产、石油、天然气和其他资源开发的新基础设施、潜在新航道的选址以及评估/预测渔业变化都很重要。该项目的其他影响包括科学与教育的融合，以及培养博士后学者成为下一代国际学者之一。 该项目还支持来自EPSCoR州一个机构的科学领域代表性不足的性别的研究人员（即，该奖项支持美国研究人员参加一个项目，该项目由来自23个国家的26个供资机构通过贝尔蒙特论坛征集关于“生物多样性和生态系统服务设想方案”的建议而竞争性地选出。该呼吁是一项多边倡议，旨在支持有助于制定情景、模型和决策支持工具的研究项目，以了解和解决我们星球面临的关键问题。竞赛的目标是改进和应用参与式情景方法，以提高研究的相关性及其接受程度，并解决影响驱动因素和政策干预建模方法方面的差距。它还将制定和传达与模型相关的不确定性水平，以改善数据的可访问性，并填补知识空白。基金支持美国参与一个由丹麦、波兰、加拿大、美国和挪威科学家组成的大型国际财团，这些科学家寻求极大地提高对北极近岸环境中生物多样性如何受到海冰损失影响的理解。来自其他国家的参与者通过其相关的国家供资组织获得资助。美国科学家的活动包括提供食物网和其他必要的物理测量，以评估随着北极北方海岸线从季节性冰层覆盖到无冰海岸的变化，海冰丧失对生物多样性的影响。 目标物种包括大型藻类、微型底栖植物、浮游植物和冰藻等初级海洋生产者。 将分析物种的多样性和食物网与中上层和底栖领域初级生产者的联系。对生境的物理和化学特性的测量将补充生物措施，并为生物措施提供背景。国际合作者将利用遥感和高分辨率多光谱卫星图像，将当地站点的结果归纳为适用于更广泛的泛北极地理范围。叶绿素a（Chl a）、总悬浮泥沙、有色溶解有机质（CDOM）、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a含量、总悬浮泥沙含量、有色溶解有机质含量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a含量、总悬浮泥沙含量、有色溶解有机质含量、叶绿素a含量、总悬浮泥沙含量、有色溶解有机质含量、有色溶解有机质在适当的情况下，近岸植被将被用来提供对动态，空间，关键食物的时间变异性不同结冰条件下北极海岸网环境参数。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的学术价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

Innovative research on the complex interaction of socio-economic and global environmental trends on biodiversity and ecosystem services is needed to help develop more informative scenarios for addressing environmental and human development challenges. Coupled natural-human systems; improved scenarios of biodiversity; and ecosystem services that integrate the outputs of both direct and indirect drivers such as land use change, invasive alien species, overexploitation, environmental change, pollution, and models of impacts of these drivers on biodiversity and ecosystem service are needed to overcome these challenges. This type of holistic approach provides a methodological state-of-the art that results in more accurate quantitative assessments and environmental co-benefits of biodiversity and ecosystem services. This research builds on such methodology to examine the impact of sea ice loss in the Arctic on ecosystems and ecosystem services in Arctic coastal regions because these nearshore waters are among some of the most productive in the world. Goals of the US part of the project are to examine biodiversity and food web changes resulting from present and future changes in seasonal ice-covered and ice-free Arctic coasts. Field data will be augmented by high-resolution multispectral satellite imagery. Collaborators from other countries will be supported by their associated national funding agencies. Results of the study will be applied to evaluate habitat loss; the impact increased coastal erosion and sediment loads have on changes in nearshore bottom habitats and biodiversity; and the cascading effects of these processes on food webs. Broader impacts of the work include international collaboration with Norway, Poland, Canada, and Denmark. The project will build bridges between countries and communities with interests in the Arctic; engage stakeholders ranging from local communities to national environmental protection agencies, including indigenous peoples; and develop a far-reaching and rich, public, data resource on Arctic systems impacted by sea ice loss that will be available to natural and social scientists across countries and disciplines. The project also sets a framework for sustainable socio-ecological management of Arctic coasts that could be important for the planning, construction, and sustainability of new infrastructure in the development of mineral, oil, gas, and other resources; the siting of potential new shipping lanes; and assessing/predicting changes in fisheries. Additional impacts of the project include the integration of science and education and training a postdoctoral scholar to become one of the next generation of international scholars. The project also supports a researcher from a gender underrepresented in the sciences at an institution in an EPSCoR state (i.e., Alaska).This award supports US researchers participating in a project competitively selected by a coalition of 26 funding agencies from 23 countries through the Belmont Forum call for proposals on "Scenarios of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services". The call was a multilateral initiative designed to support research projects that contribute to the development of scenarios, models, and decision-support tools for understanding and solving critical issues facing our planet. The goal of the competition was to improve and apply participatory scenario methods to enhance research relevance and its acceptance as well as to address gaps in methods for modelling impact drivers and policy interventions. It was also to develop and communicate levels of uncertainty associated with the models, to improve data accessibility, and fill gaps in knowledge. Funds support U.S. participants in a large international consortium of Danish, Polish, Canadian, US, and Norwegian scientists who seek to dramatically improve understanding of how the biodiversity of organisms in Arctic nearshore environments are impacted by the loss of sea ice. Participants in this effort from other countries are funded through their associated national funding organizations. Activities of the US scientists include providing food web and other physical measurements required to evaluate the consequences of sea ice loss on biodiversity as northern Arctic coastlines change from seasonal ice-covered to ice-free coasts. Target species include primary marine producers such as macroalgae, microphytobenthos, phytoplankton, and ice algae. Species will be analyzed for diversity and food-web connectivity to primary producers in both pelagic and benthic realms. Measurements of the physical and chemical characteristics of habitats will complement and provide context for the biological measures. International collaborators will use remote sensing with high-resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery to generalize results from local sites to be applicable the wider, geographical, pan-Arctic scale. Remotely sensed optical data of chlorophyll a (Chl a); total suspended sediment; colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM); and, where applicable, nearshore vegetation will be used to provide insights into the dynamic, spatial, and temporal variability of key food-web environmental parameters of Arctic coasts under different icing conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.