Emissions of Secondary Organic Aerosol Precursors from Volatile Chemical Products

颗粒物(PM)直接关系到公共卫生和气候等重大社会问题。提高我们对PM排放和来源的理解可以解决这两个问题。环境颗粒物的很大一部分是通过有机前体分子的大气氧化形成的。该项目将量化有机前体的排放和挥发性化学产品(VCP)随后形成的PM，挥发性化学产品是一类基本上被忽视的来源。VCP包括广泛的非燃烧产品，包括个人护理产品、香水、油漆和涂料、清洁产品以及其他非燃烧工业过程。该项目的研究结果将提高我们对环境PM负荷的理解，重点放在城市地区，并将有助于提高模型中PM形成的准确性。至关重要的是，这项提议直接解决了PM的形成，这些PM来自以前被忽视的源类，而这个源类似乎正在变得越来越重要。这项研究的成功完成将有助于更好地确定对人类和生态健康的潜在风险。研究生和本科生研究人员都将参与研究，他们所接受的培训将为他们在STEM领域的成功职业生涯做好准备，从而提高国家的科学素养和科学准备。该项目的目标是量化挥发性化学产品(VCP)的二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的排放量和潜在形成。VCP是非燃烧有机化合物，与个人护理产品、香水、油漆和涂料、清洁产品和其他非燃烧工业用途有关。最近的研究表明，VCP是城市SOA值的重要来源。然而，这一假设的有效性存在不确定性，因为它是基于关注臭氧形成而不是SOA形成潜力的排放数据。该项目将通过对VCP在不同条件下形成SOA的排放进行系统研究来解决这一不确定性。这项研究的基本假设是，VCP缓慢地排放低波动性的SOA前体，并且这些排放的挥发性分布和形成潜力随着时间的推移而演变。拟议研究的具体目标是：1)测量VCP的排放速率，特别侧重于作为湿度、空气交换率和基质的函数的SOA前体；2)测量VCP的排放速率、组成和形成VCP的潜力作为时间的函数；3)将VCP的已解析和未解析物种的排放进行参数化，以用于化学传输模型；以及4)将VCP的SOA的产量和组成作为时间和变化的排放的函数进行量化。这项研究的成功完成将加深我们对VCP对环境SO2形成的贡献的了解，并解决两种常见VCP(油漆/涂料和粘合剂/密封剂)的有机蒸气的排放速率和组成以及这些VCP类别对环境SO2负荷的贡献的两个关键知识空白。这项研究还将使人们能够更好地量化人为的SOA的负担，并随后评估对气候和人类健康的影响。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Particulate matter (PM) is directly linked to the important societal problems of public health and climate. Improving our understanding of the emissions and sources of PM addresses both problems. A large fraction of ambient PM is formed via atmospheric oxidation of organic precursor molecules. This project will quantify the emissions of organic precursors and subsequent PM formation from volatile chemical products (VCPs), a largely overlooked class of sources. VCPs include a wide range of non-combustion products including personal care products, fragrances, paints and coatings, and cleaning products, as well as other non-combustion industrial processes. The research results from this project will improve our understanding of the ambient PM burden with a focus on urban areas and will contribute to improved accuracy of PM formation in models. Crucially, this proposal directly addresses PM formation from a previously neglected source class that appears to be increasing in importance. Successful completion of this research will lead to a better characterize potential risks to human and ecological health. Both graduate and undergraduate researchers will participate in the research, and the training they receive will prepare them for successful careers in STEM fields, thus improving the scientific literacy and science preparedness of the Nation. The goal of this project is to quantify the emissions and potential formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from volatile chemical products (VCPs). VCPs are non-combustion organic compounds associated with personal care products, fragrances, paints and coatings, cleaning products, and other non-combustion industrial uses. Recent research suggests that VCPs are an important source of urban SOA. However, there is uncertainty regarding the validity of the hypothesis because it is based upon emissions data that are focused on ozone formation rather than SOA formation potential. This project will address this address this uncertainty through a systematic study of SOA-forming emissions from VCPs under varying conditions. The underlying hypothesis of this research is that VCPs slowly emit low-volatility SOA precursors and that the volatility distribution and SOA formation potential of these emissions evolve over time. The specific objectives of the proposed research are to 1) measure VCP emission rates with a specific focus on SOA precursors as a function of humidity, air exchange rate, and substrate; 2) measure changes in emissions rate, composition, and SOA formation potential from VCPs as a function of time; 3) parameterize VCP emissions of both resolved and unresolved species for use in chemical transport models; and 4) quantify SOA production and composition from VCPs as a function of time and changing emissions. Successful completion of the research will increase our understanding of the contribution of VCPs to ambient SOA formation and address two key knowledge gaps regarding the emission rates and composition of organic vapors from two common VCPs (paints/coatings and adhesives/sealants) and the contribution of these VCP classes to ambient SOA loading. This research will also enable better quantification of the burden of anthropogenic SOAs and subsequent assessment of impacts on climate and human health.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.