Collaborative Research: Supersubstorms--Their Driving and Responses in the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere, and Thermosphere

合作研究：超级亚暴——它们在磁层、电离层和热层中的驱动和响应

• 批准号: 1907483
• 负责人: Lawrence Lyons
• 金额: $ 18.54万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1907483&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Supersubstorms; Their; Driving

Supersubstorms are events that release extreme amounts of energy in the Earth's magnetosphere. When these space weather storms occur, they drive unique responses throughout the outer layers of the atmosphere - including the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. This work will study the properties of the solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere during supersubstorms and determine how they differ from weaker storms. Understanding supersubstorms is important in preparing for extreme space weather events, which can cause disruptions in high frequency communications and degradation and damage to satellite systems. This research will also support early career scientists and results will be incorporated into public outreach events and undergraduate classes at Boston University (BU) and University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA).The scientific goal of the project is to determine solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere conditions during supersubstorms, and their differences from typical substorms. Specifically: (1) What are solar wind driving conditions of supersubstorms and preconditions in magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (M-I-T) coupling? (2) What are M-I-T responses to supersubstorms? (3) What are similarities and differences in M-I-T responses during supersubstorms and during typical substorms and storms? Since extreme events are not common enough for a statistical study, this work is based on analyses of multiple events with favorable space-ground conjunctions. Solar wind observations (from ACE, WIND, ARTEMIS, Geotail and Cluster) will be used to characterize solar wind conditions. Magnetosphere observations (from THEMIS, Cluster, RBSP, GOES) will quantify nightside magnetospheric responses near midnight. Auroral imagers will specify location, size, timing and duration of events. Other ionosphere and thermosphere observations will be used to quantify strength of precipitation, currents and neutral winds. Those properties will be compared to typical substorms and storms.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

超级亚暴是在地球磁层中释放极端能量的事件。当这些空间天气风暴发生时，它们会在整个大气层外层（包括磁层、电离层和热层）产生独特的反应。这项工作将研究超级亚暴期间太阳风、磁层和电离层的特性，并确定它们与较弱风暴的区别。了解超级亚暴对于为极端空间天气事件做好准备非常重要，极端空间天气事件可能导致高频通信中断以及卫星系统退化和损坏。这项研究还将支持早期职业科学家，其结果将纳入波士顿大学（BU）和加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）的公共宣传活动和本科课程。该项目的科学目标是确定超级亚暴期间的太阳风，磁层和电离层条件，以及它们与典型亚暴的差异。具体而言：（1）太阳风驱动超亚暴的条件和磁层-电离层-热层（M-I-T）耦合的先决条件是什么？(2)M-I-T对超级亚暴的反应是什么？(3)在超级亚暴和典型亚暴和风暴期间，M-I-T响应的相似性和差异是什么？由于极端事件并不常见，不足以进行统计研究，因此这项工作是基于对具有有利空间-地面结合的多个事件的分析。太阳风观测（来自ACE、WIND、ARTEMIS、Geotail和Cluster）将用于确定太阳风状况。磁层观测（来自THEMIS，Cluster，RBSP，GOES）将量化午夜附近的夜侧磁层响应。极光成像仪将详细说明事件的位置，大小，时间和持续时间。其他电离层和热层观测将用于量化降水、海流和中性风的强度。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Radar Observations of Flows Leading to Substorm Onset Over Alaska

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028147
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: L. Lyons;Jiang Liu;Y. Nishimura;A. Reimer;W. Bristow;D. Hampton;Xueling Shi;R. Varney;E. Donovan

The 2‐D Structure of Foreshock‐Driven Field Line Resonances Observed by THEMIS Satellite and Ground‐Based Imager Conjunctions

• DOI: 10.1029/2019ja026668
• 发表时间: 2019-08
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Boyi Wang;Y. Nishimura;Hui Zhang;X. Shen;L. Lyons;V. Angelopoulos;Y. Ebihara;A. Weatherwax;A. Gerrard;H. Frey

Substorm onset and development: The crucial role of flow channels

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105474
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: L. Lyons;Y. Nishimura

Relative contributions of large-scale and wedgelet currents in the substorm current wedge

亚暴流楔中大尺度流和楔形流的相对贡献

• DOI: 10.1186/s40623-020-01234-x
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Planets and Space
• 作者: Nishimura, Y.;Lyons, L. R.;Gabrielse, C.;Weygand, J. M.;Donovan, E. F.;Angelopoulos, V.
• 通讯作者: Angelopoulos, V.

Extreme Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Responses to the 5 April 2010 Supersubstorm

• DOI: 10.1029/2019ja027654
• 发表时间: 2020-04
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Y. Nishimura;L. Lyons;C. Gabrielse;Nithin Sivadas;E. Donovan;R. Varney;V. Angelopoulos;J. Weygand;M. Conde;S. Zhang