Documenting Arapaho Place Names with Virtual Reality Elicitation Using 3D 360 and Aerial Drone Video

技术发展有可能为许多领域的数据收集提供新的方法。这个项目使用语言学的新方法来记录美洲土著语言阿拉帕霍语（ISO 639- 3arp）。该项目使用空中无人机视频和3D 360全景视频来记录对北阿拉帕霍人具有文化意义的景观。该项目还记录了与这些具有重要文化意义的景观有关的故事。因此，这种方法将“实际上”把说这种语言的老年人带入到身体上可能无法亲自前往的地方和环境中。鉴于土地和环境对土著社区的重要性，如果成功，这些技术可以便于携带，用于记录人迹罕至地区的语言、文化和其他科学知识。美国国会于1990年通过了《美洲原住民语言法案》，将承认美洲原住民语言的独特地位和重要性制定为政策。北阿拉帕霍语是一种极度濒危的美洲原住民语言，现在在怀俄明州的风河印第安人保留区，只有不到100位老人流利地使用这种语言。更广泛的影响包括增加未被充分代表的群体在社会科学和编码领域的参与。此外，怀俄明大学的北阿拉帕霍族本科生和研究生将帮助项目团队创建STEM教育单元，使用项目记录的语言和文化内容教授基本的增强现实和虚拟现实应用开发。这些学生还将帮助项目团队在风河印第安人保护区的学校实施这些STEM单元。本项目探索航拍视频和3D 360度视频在语言启发课程中的潜力。该项目旨在回答以下问题：虚拟现实在语言复兴中的功效，以及虚拟现实语言应用的功效，以及随之而来的技术知识创造这些应用，以促进K-12课程中文化知识的传播。该项目的研究结果将有助于有兴趣探索语言文档和启发新方法的语言学家。一旦经过测试并正式确定为有效的研究方法，该项目创建的应用程序就可以用于其他土著人民，以帮助振兴他们的语言和文化，并为STEM课程注入与文化相关的内容。通过项目活动生成的文档还将用于创建交互式语言学习应用程序，该应用程序将北阿拉帕霍的景观和语言结合在3D虚拟现实中，用于部落国家学校的K-12教室。该项目由濒危语言记录计划（DEL）和促进竞争性研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）共同资助。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Technological developments have the potential to provide new methodologies for data collection in many fields. This project uses new methodologies in linguistics in order to document a Native American language, Arapaho (ISO 639-3 ARP). The project uses aerial drone video and 3D 360 video panoramas to document landscapes that are culturally significant to the Northern Arapaho people. The project also documents stories associated with those culturally significant landscapes. This methodology will thus "virtually" bring elder speakers of the language into places and contexts that may be physically impossible to go to in person. Given the importance of land and environment in indigenous communities, if successful, these technologies could be portable for documenting linguistic, cultural and other scientific knowledge of inaccessible regions. The Native American Languages Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1990, enacted into policy the recognition of the unique status and importance of Native American languages. The Northern Arapaho language is a critically endangered Native American language now fluently spoken by fewer than 100 elders on the Wind River Indian Reservation in the state of Wyoming. Broader impacts include increased participation of underrepresented groups in social science and coding. Additionally, Northern Arapaho undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Wyoming will help the project team create STEM education units that teach basic augmented and virtual reality application development using the language and cultural content documented by the project. Those students will also aid the project team with implementing these STEM units in schools across the Wind River Indian Reservation. This project explores the potentials of aerial video and 3D 360-degree video in language elicitation sessions. This project looks to answer questions of virtual reality's efficacy in language revitalization, as well as the efficacy of virtual reality language applications, and the subsequent technological knowledge that comes with creating those applications, to promote the transmission of cultural knowledge within K-12 curricula. The project's findings will be useful for linguists interested in exploring new methodologies for language documentation and elicitation. Once tested and formalized into a working research methodology, the applications created by this project can be utilized to other Indigenous peoples to aid in revitalizing their languages and cultures and infusing STEM curricula with culturally relevant content. Documentation generated through project activities will also be used to create interactive language learning applications that combine Northern Arapaho landscapes and language in 3D virtual reality for use in K-12 classrooms in a tribal nation's schools. This project is jointly funded by the Documenting Endangered Languages Program (DEL) and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.