Paleoecology and new perspectives on domesticated animals from faunal and stable isotope analyses

古生态学和来自动物区系和稳定同位素分析的驯养动物的新视角

• 批准号: 1911649
• 负责人: Emily Zavodny
• 金额: $ 14.8万
• 依托单位: Zavodny Emily
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1911649&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Paleoecology; new; perspectives; domesticated; animals

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. John Krigbaum at the University of Florida, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist examining the introduction of domesticated animals (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs) to different ecosystems and their long-term impact on human behavior and environments at local and regional levels. By combining traditional zooarchaeological analyses with innovative archaeometric techniques, this research will contribute to our understanding of the diverse and enduring impacts domestication has had on landscapes, environments, and other species. Data collection will also actively involve and train undergraduate and graduate students.This project develops zooarchaeological, isotopic, and spatial data to evaluate the scale, timing, and continuing effects of local animal husbandry practices from the early Chalcolithic (ca. 4500 BC) until the end of the Iron Age (ca. 35 BC). Zooarchaeological assemblages recovered from Chalcolithic, Bronze, and Iron Age sites will be systematically analyzed. Population profiles of fauna will be reconstructed to help characterize broader regional and temporal trends in livestock and husbandry practices. Some integral aspects of livestock management, such as foddering and penning, are less visible through traditional archaeological methods and isotopic studies of different bodily tissues offer a systematic approach to mapping these diverse activities. In order to examine changes in management strategies at various temporal and spatial scales, dental enamel from different domesticated species will be sampled for carbon, oxygen, strontium (87Sr/86Sr), and lead (20nPb/204Pb) isotopes. Data will then be incorporated into a GIS database to better contextualize regional patterns and test theories about the development of new management systems such as transhumance. Novel animal management strategies are expected to have developed over time, first in response to the unique environment and then to accommodate increasing populations at the start of the Late Bronze Age. Results are expected to inform current debates about biodiversity and conservation globally, and be of interest to all scholars working on issues of resilience, sustainability, and human-environment interaction.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是作为NSF的社会，行为和经济科学博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划的一部分提供的。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF的奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。NSF致力于促进来自科学界各部门的科学家，包括来自代表性不足的群体的科学家参与其研究计划和活动;博士后期间被认为是实现这一目标的专业发展的重要水平。每个博士后研究员必须解决推进各自学科领域的重要科学问题。在佛罗里达大学的John Krigbaum博士的赞助下，该博士后奖学金支持早期职业科学家研究将驯化动物（牛，绵羊，山羊，猪）引入不同的生态系统及其对人类行为和环境的长期影响。通过将传统的动物考古学分析与创新的考古测量技术相结合，这项研究将有助于我们了解驯化对景观，环境和其他物种的多样性和持久性影响。数据收集也将积极参与和培训本科生和研究生。这个项目开发动物考古学，同位素和空间数据，以评估规模，时间和当地畜牧业的做法，从早期铜石时代（约2000年）的持续影响。公元前4500年），直到铁器时代（约公元前4500年）结束。公元前35年）。将系统分析从铜石时代、青铜时代和铁器时代遗址中发现的动物考古学组合。将重建动物群的种群概况，以帮助描述畜牧业和畜牧业实践中更广泛的区域和时间趋势。牲畜管理的某些不可分割的方面，如放牧和围栏，通过传统的考古方法不太明显，对不同身体组织的同位素研究提供了一种系统的方法来绘制这些不同的活动。为了研究在不同的时间和空间尺度的管理策略的变化，从不同的驯化物种的牙釉质将采样碳，氧，锶（87 Sr/86 Sr），铅（20 nPb/204 Pb）同位素。然后将把数据纳入地理信息系统数据库，以便更好地了解区域格局，并检验关于发展季节性放牧等新的管理系统的理论。新的动物管理策略预计将随着时间的推移而发展，首先是为了应对独特的环境，然后是为了适应青铜时代晚期开始时不断增加的人口。研究结果将为当前关于生物多样性和全球保护的辩论提供信息，并引起所有致力于恢复力、可持续性和人与环境相互作用问题的学者的兴趣。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。