Grammatical Gender Representation in Natural Language

自然语言中的语法性别表示

• 批准号: 1911708
• 负责人: Luke Adamson
• 金额: $ 14.8万
• 依托单位: Adamson, Luke James
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1911708&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Grammatical; Gender; Representation; Natural; Language

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE) Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program and SBE's Linguistics program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Jonathan Bobaljik at Harvard University, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating the linguistic ingredients of grammatical gender. The research explores how gender - a property of nouns reflected in agreement with other elements such as adjectives and determiners - is grammatically represented, through three related projects: i) a theoretically-oriented typological study of syncretism (the sharing of forms across categories), ii) a comparative study of morphosyntactic gender 'defaults', and iii) a study of putative gender suppletion (in which pairs of forms such as aunt/uncle have a semantically regular relationship but are expressed by a maximally irregular morphological relationship). These projects are centered around questions of how gender features are decomposed and structured, and how gender features are reflected in morphology and syntax. The objective of this research is to advance our understanding of how gender categories are linguistically defined and how they interact with other components of grammar.The research synthesizes morphological and syntactic evidence to inform the theory of the featural representation of grammatical gender, and evaluates hypotheses such as featural containment. It also examines the role of grammatical gender in root suppletion. The first project addresses featural decomposition and markedness through the gathering of extensive typological evidence on gender syncretism, which can be used to reveal whether there are generalizations about attested and unattested patterns of syncretism. The research thus complements recent studies of syncretism and suppletion which observe, and propose explanations for, robust cross-linguistic generalizations such as *ABA: the absence of a pattern in which a marked member along some hierarchy shares a form or property with a less marked member to the exclusion of intermediate members. *ABA has been observed in various domains including adjectival grade, clusivity, number, and case, though it has not yet been tested for grammatical gender. This typological evidence can be used to evaluate the viability of a universal theory of gender decomposition and markedness, such as the theory of featural containment. A second component of the research investigates gender markedness through a comparative study of morphosyntactic gender defaults. In particular, the study examines how markedness is reflected in split results for standard gender default diagnostics, when one subset of diagnostics indicates that one gender category behaves as a default, while another subset of diagnostics instead point to the default status of a different gender. Gender markedness is also considered from a different perspective, namely in terms of the role of syntactic licensing. Lastly, the research examines the issue of gender-conditioned suppletion, assessing whether pairs unlike in form have different gender representations while sharing the same 'root'. Novel types of evidence are considered, including conceivable suppletive alternations which may or may not be attested.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是NSF的社会，行为和经济科学（SBE）博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划和SBE的语言学计划的一部分。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF的奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。NSF致力于促进来自科学界各部门的科学家，包括来自代表性不足的群体的科学家参与其研究计划和活动;博士后期间被认为是实现这一目标的专业发展的重要水平。每个博士后研究员必须解决推进各自学科领域的重要科学问题。在哈佛大学乔纳森·博巴尔吉克（Jonathan Bobaljik）博士的赞助下，该博士后奖学金支持一位研究语法性别语言成分的早期职业科学家。这项研究探讨了性别-名词的属性反映在与其他元素，如形容词和限定词的协议-是如何在语法上表示，通过三个相关的项目：（一）以理论为导向的融合类型学研究（跨类别的形式共享），ii）形态句法性别“默认”的比较研究，以及iii）对假定性别替代的研究（其中成对的形式，如阿姨/叔叔，具有语义上规则的关系，但由最大程度上不规则的形态关系来表达）。这些项目围绕着性别特征如何分解和结构化，以及性别特征如何反映在形态和句法中的问题。本研究的目的是加深我们对性别范畴在语言学上是如何定义的以及它们与语法其他成分之间是如何相互作用的理解。本研究综合了形态学和句法学的证据，为语法性别的特征表征理论提供了信息，并对特征包容等假设进行了评估。本文还考察了语法性别在词根补缀中的作用。第一个项目通过收集关于性别融合的广泛类型学证据来解决特征分解和标记问题，这些证据可用于揭示是否存在关于已证实和未证实的融合模式的概括。因此，这项研究补充了最近的研究的融合和suppletion观察，并提出了解释，强大的跨语言的概括，如 * 阿坝：没有一个模式，其中一个显着的成员沿着一些层次共享一个形式或属性与一个不太显着的成员排除中间成员。阿坝已经在各个领域被观察到，包括形容词等级，clusivity，number和case，尽管它还没有被测试语法性别。这种类型学证据可以用来评估性别分解和标记的普遍理论的可行性，例如特征包容理论。研究的第二个组成部分调查性别标记通过比较研究的形态句法性别默认。特别是，该研究探讨了标记如何反映在标准性别默认诊断的分裂结果中，当一个诊断子集表明一个性别类别表现为默认，而另一个诊断子集则指向不同性别的默认状态时。性别标记也被认为是从不同的角度，即在句法许可的作用。最后，本研究探讨了性别制约的问题，评估是否对不同的形式有不同的性别代表，而共享相同的“根”。新类型的证据被考虑，包括可能或可能不被证明的可想象的补充性替代。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

Transparency of inflectionless modifiers for Bulgarian definite marker placement

保加利亚语明确标记放置的无变形修饰符的透明度

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Slavic linguistics
• 影响因子: 0.1
• 作者: Adamson, Luke J