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Plasma Oxidation Laboratory: Construction of a Multi-Sample Instrument

等离子体氧化实验室：多样品仪器的构建

基本信息

批准号：
1913027
负责人：
Karen Steelman
金额：
$ 8.25万
依托单位：
SHUMLA SCHOOL INC, THE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-01 至 2021-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1913027&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Plasma Oxidation Laboratory Construction Multi

项目摘要

With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Karen Steelman of Shumla Archaeological Research & Education Center will construct a multi-sample plasma oxidation instrument used to process ancient rock art paint samples for radiocarbon dating. An oxygen glow discharge converts organic material in rock paintings samples to carbon dioxide, which can be radiocarbon dated using accelerator mass spectrometry. Plasma oxidation has been used to radiocarbon date organic binders in mineral-pigmented paintings, as well as many charcoal-pigmented paintings. In recent years, there has been an increased demand by rock art researchers to use the plasma extraction technique for dating studies. The ability to place rock art in a chronological context allows an inventory of images to be studied together with excavated cultural remains from a given archaeological time period. This incorporation of rock art studies alongside other archaeological specialties, such as lithics, ceramics, and weaving techniques, is crucial for developing a synergistic approach to studying past cultures. Before dating methods were developed, only relative ages and approximate age ranges for some distinct genres of rock art were possible. Without a way to place the images in time, archaeologists had mostly ignored these insights into past human cultures. The integration of chemistry and archaeology through this project will directly address a national need for interdisciplinary research. NSF support for the plasma oxidation laboratory fosters collaborations among archaeologists worldwide. In addition, we will train university students interested in archaeological science as interns. More scientists with interests in applying chemical knowledge to archaeological and cultural applications are needed. Public outreach for archaeological science will be accomplished via Shumla's blog, popular magazines/websites, the Shumla Scholars STEM program, and public outreach events. Dr. Steelman has designed a 10 chamber system that has the ability to oxidize 10 paint samples in tandem for batch processing. This will increase sample throughput, decrease analysis time, and reduce costs for rock art dating. By constructing a multi-sample plasma oxidation laboratory, batch processing of paint samples will allow Shumla to expand research for additional archaeological projects. USGS coal (C14-free) and ANU sucrose (modern) radiocarbon standards will be used to test the accuracy and precision of results. At sites where calcium oxalate coatings are present, both oxalate dates from accretions and plasma oxidation dates from paintings agree, suggesting valid results.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，Shumla考古研究教育中心的Karen Steelman博士将建造一个多样品等离子体氧化仪器，用于处理古代岩石艺术涂料样品进行放射性碳测年。氧气辉光放电将岩画样品中的有机物质转化为二氧化碳，可以使用加速器质谱法进行放射性碳定年。等离子体氧化已被用于放射性碳测定矿物颜料绘画中的有机粘合剂，以及许多木炭颜料绘画。近年来，岩画研究人员越来越多地要求使用等离子体提取技术进行测年研究。将岩石艺术置于时间背景中的能力允许将图像清单与给定考古时期的挖掘文化遗迹一起研究。岩石艺术研究与其他考古学专业，如石器，陶瓷和编织技术的结合，对于开发一种协同方法来研究过去的文化至关重要。在测年方法发展之前，只有相对年龄和一些不同类型的岩石艺术的近似年龄范围是可能的。由于没有办法将这些图像放在时间上，考古学家大多忽视了这些对过去人类文化的见解。通过这个项目，化学和考古学的整合将直接解决国家对跨学科研究的需求。NSF对等离子体氧化实验室的支持促进了世界各地考古学家之间的合作。此外，我们还将培养对考古学感兴趣的大学生作为实习生。需要更多的科学家将化学知识应用于考古和文化应用。考古科学的公共宣传将通过Shumla的博客，流行杂志/网站，Shumla学者STEM计划和公共宣传活动来完成。Steelman博士设计了一个10室系统，能够串联氧化10个油漆样品进行批量处理。这将增加样品吞吐量，减少分析时间，并降低岩石艺术年代测定的成本。通过建造一个多样品等离子体氧化实验室，油漆样品的批量处理将使Shumla能够扩大对其他考古项目的研究。USGS煤（不含C14）和ANU蔗糖（现代）放射性碳标准将用于测试结果的准确度和精密度。在有草酸钙涂层的地点，从沉积物和绘画的等离子体氧化日期得到的草酸盐日期一致，表明结果有效。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。