Hadronic and Nuclear Structure and Dynamics

由夸克胶子理论QCD描述的粒子物理标准模型中的强相互作用部分呈现出丰富的现象，其中最基本的现象是渐近自由、约束和动力学手征对称破缺，这些现象决定了强子和原子核的结构和动力学。对这些现象的理解推动了当代重大的实验和理论研究工作，研究了各种可观测到的观测数据和过程，以揭示强相互作用物质的复杂图景。通过应用被称为有效理论的理论方法，这个项目的目的是研究与上述现象和目前几个实验室的实验工作有关的重子及其静态和动态性质。重子是亚原子粒子，如核子或超子。该项目的一个关键目标是开发有效的理论工具，使之能够更准确地描述低能量和中能重子。该项目还投资于研究生和本科生的研究参与，它有可能通过设在汉普顿大学来加强理论核物理的多样性。该项目的目标集中在研究低能量和中能强子的物理，在这些领域，强相互作用的非微扰性质最突出。对许多强子可观测性，如形状因子、电磁极化率、低能强子-强子散射、核力等的理解仍在进行中，其中存在广泛的理论、实验和晶格QCD活动。通过使用严格地固定在QCD的严格约束下的有效理论的方法，在这些领域中描述强子物理是可能的，并且通过它来理解不同可观测对象之间的相互关系是可能的。该计划将集中研究重子，即质子、中子和它们的近亲奇特重子，以及它们的低激发态。这将需要进一步发展有效的理论工具，在这种情况下手征有效理论和1/NC展开，以及它们在重子可观测性中的应用，特别是那些没有被很好理解的，例如低能(虚拟)康普顿散射和相应的极化率，电子-核子散射中的单自旋不对称性，低能介子-核子散射，以及应用于格子QCD计算重子结构和对夸克质量的依赖。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The strong interaction sector of the Standard Model of particle physics, described by the theory of quarks and gluons, QCD, presents a rich variety of phenomena, asymptotic freedom, confinement, and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking among the most fundamental ones, which determine the structure and dynamics of hadrons and nuclei. The understanding of those phenomena drives significant contemporary experimental and theoretical research efforts, where a variety of observables and processes are studied in order to shed light onto the complex landscape of strongly interacting matter. Through the application of theoretical approaches known as effective theories, this project aims at studying baryons, their static as well as dynamic properties which are relevant to the mentioned phenomena and to the present experimental efforts at several laboratories. Baryons are subatomic particles, such as nucleons or hyperons. A key objective of the project is to develop the effective theory tools that will permit a more accurate description of baryons at low and intermediate energies. The project is also invested in the research participation of graduate and undergraduate students, and it has the potential to enhance diversity in theoretical nuclear physics through its location at Hampton University. The goals of the project concentrate on the study of the physics of hadrons at low and intermediate energies, domains where the non-perturbative nature of the strong interactions is most prominent. The understanding of many of the hadron observables, such as form factors, electromagnetic polarizabilities, low energy hadron-hadron scattering, nuclear forces, etc, remains a work in progress where there is broad theoretical, experimental and lattice QCD activity. Through the use of the methods of effective theories, which are rigorously anchored in the strictures of QCD, a description of hadronic physics in those domains is possible, and with it an understanding of interrelations between different observables becomes possible. The program will concentrate on the study of baryons, namely protons, neutrons and their cousins the strange baryons, as well as their low lying excited states. It will entail the further development of effective theory tools, in this case chiral effective theory and the 1/Nc expansion, and their applications to baryon observables, in particular those not well understood, such as low energy (virtual) Compton scattering and corresponding polarizabilities, single-spin asymmetries in electron-nucleon scattering, low energy pion-nucleon scattering, and applications to results being obtained in lattice QCD calculations on baryon structure and the dependencies on quark masses.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.