Neutrino Physics at the University of Chicago

20世纪的主要智力成就之一是粒子物理标准模型(SM)的发展。这个模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子归入具有相似量子性质的群组的层次结构中。在欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机上发现的希格斯玻色子证实了这个模型到目前为止的有效性。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题，包括为什么希格斯质量具有它的价值，为什么宇宙中没有反物质等基本问题。寻找这些和其他关于宇宙的公开问题的答案，它是如何形成的，为什么它是这样的，主要领域之一是专注于中微子的性质的研究，并使用我们所知道和可以了解的中微子作为超越标准模型(BSM)的科学探测器。标准模型预测，有三种不同类型的中微子，它们都是无质量的，可以通过它们与物质相互作用时经历的不同相互作用来区分。但最近的测量完全改变了我们对中微子的看法。我们现在知道中微子确实有质量，因为它们有质量，所以它们实际上可以从一种类型变成另一种类型。此外，实验测量还表明了另一种类型的不孕中微子的可能性。对这些不寻常粒子相互作用的详细测量是探索超越标准模型的新物理的最有希望的方法之一。费米实验室的短基线中微子(SBN)实验将解决在几个中微子实验中观察到的各种异常是否可能是新物理的迹象，特别是低质量“无菌”中微子的存在。深井中微子实验(DUNE)将对中微子和反中微子振荡进行全面测量，以调查中微子CP破坏，确定中微子质量本征态的顺序，并对中微子标准模型进行精确测试。沙丘将利用来自费米实验室的基于加速器的中微子光束，并对地外中微子，包括来自超新星爆炸的中微子非常敏感。这两项实验都使用了一种用于中微子物理的变革性探测器技术--液氮时间投影室，沙丘的目标是以前所未有的规模实现这一技术，而SBN探测器在建造、操作和数据分析方面提供了宝贵的经验。芝加哥小组在近探测器SBND的设计和建造以及近探测器和多探测器物理分析的准备方面发挥着主导作用。在沙丘，该小组在为实验的大型金属平面制定最终设计和生产计划方面发挥了领导作用，该计划被称为阳极面组件，是沙丘液氮时间投影室的主要探测元件。芝加哥组织支持并共同领导Enrico Fermi暑期实习生计划，这是一个为芝加哥南部公立学校的中学生提供的长期教育计划。该计划认识到在教育过程中及早接触学生的重要性，让学生接触粒子物理的概念，并让他们亲身接触基于现代电子学的创造性项目。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

One of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists leaves open many questions about the universe, including such fundamental questions as to why the Higgs mass has the value it has and why there is no antimatter in the universe. One of the primary areas to search for answers to these and other open questions about the universe, how it came to be, and why it is the way it is, is to focus on a study of the properties of neutrinos and to use what we know and can learn about neutrinos as probes of science Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The Standard Model predicted that there were three different kinds of neutrinos, all massless, that were distinguishable through the different interactions that they undergo whenever they interact with matter. But recent measurements have totally changed our picture of neutrinos. We now know that neutrinos do have a mass and because they do, they can actually change from one type to another. Additionally, experimental measurements have indicated the possibility of yet an additional type of sterile neutrino. Detailed measurements of the interactions of these unusual particles are one of the most promising ways to probe for new physics beyond the Standard Model.The Short-baseline Neutrino (SBN) Experiment at Fermilab, for which Chicago is a co-spokesperson group, will address whether the various anomalies observed in several neutrino experiments could be indications of new physics and in particular the existence of low-mass "sterile" neutrino particles. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will make comprehensive measurements of neutrino and anti-neutrino oscillations to investigate neutrino CP violation, determine the ordering of the neutrino mass eigenstates, and perform precision tests of the neutrino Standard Model. DUNE will take advantage of both an accelerator-based neutrino beam from Fermilab and be sensitive to extra-terrestrial neutrinos, including those from supernova explosions.Both experiments employ a transformative detector technology for neutrino physics, the liquid argon time projection chamber, which DUNE aims to realize at unprecedented scales, and for which the SBN detectors are providing invaluable experience in the construction, operation, and analysis of data. The Chicago group plays a leading role in the design and construction of the near detector, SBND, and in preparation of both near detector and multi-detector physics analyses. On DUNE, the group has taken a leading role in development of the final design and production plan for the experiment's large wire planes, called Anode Plane Assemblies, the primary detection element of the DUNE Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers. The Chicago group supports and co-leads the Enrico Fermi Summer Interns program, a long-running educational program for middle school students from south-side Chicago public schools. Recognizing the importance of reaching students at an early age in the education process, the program engages the students in concepts of particle physics and gives them hands-on exposure to creative projects based on modern electronics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.