Collaborative Research: The Magmatic and Eruptive System of Mount Erebus Volcano, Antarctica

合作研究：南极洲埃里伯斯火山的岩浆和喷发系统

• 批准号: 1917178
• 负责人: Julien Chaput
• 金额: $ 18.48万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at El Paso
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1917178&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Magmatic; Eruptive; System

Mount Erebus, a volcano on Ross Island, Antarctica has been in a continuous state of open-vent activity for at least 45 years while hosting a long-lived lava lake at its summit. The volcano's proximity to the United States Antarctic Program McMurdo Station, its longstanding experimental infrastructure, and prior studies present opportunities to develop and apply cutting edge imaging methods to understand a persistently active volcanic system. This project will utilize data from a renovated five-station near-summit seismic network of Mt. Erebus plus three additional stations sited on the flanks of the volcano. This wide aperture network, paired with modern instrumentation and techniques to enhance seismic signal, will provide unprecedented imaging into the deep volcanic plumbing system at crustal scale, which will help researchers understand the volcano's complex structure and processes. Additionally, the network provides year-round seismic data to be used in temporal monitoring efforts for eruptive and other activity. All data from this network will be openly available in near real-time. The real-time data along with an existing catalog of archived data will be analyzed using recently developed methods to generalize, recognize, quantify, and catalog eruptive events. The project objectives are to study the response of the magmatic system to such events and use continuously recorded background noise and eruption signals to infer concurrent structural changes. These seismic investigations into the long-term changes of the volcano, tracking broad phenomena such as the subsidence of Ross Island, will also be complemented by GPS recordings of deformation. These activities will help test hypotheses related to the structure of the deeper magmatic system of Erebus and the properties of the material surrounding this system. The project funds two early-career scientists and three graduate students, contributing to the development of the next generation of volcanologists and seismologists.This award results in the establishment of a first-tier monitoring system and catalogues eruptive events using real-time seismic and infrasound data. Synoptic analysis of broadband signals recorded by the updated seismic network will allow monitoring and interpretation of pre and post eruptive response and conduit evolution via measurements of systematic timing changes of short-period (explosion) versus very long-period (conduit) seismogram signatures. These observations will be supplemented by the interpretation of broadband seismic tilt in association with existing UNAVCO-supported GPS data over time scales from hours to years. Longer-period coda correlation back projection will be used to refine upper edifice structural information and teleseismic signals will be analyzed to examine the bulk and discontinuity structure of the underlying crust. The work includes a reanalysis of archived TOMO Erebus broadband, as well as extensive short-period data collected in 2007-2008. This effort will allow new imaging and interpretation of deeper (e.g., crustal to Moho-or-deeper scale) structure than has been previously imaged at Erebus in consort with other constraints, such as emerging magnetotelluric imaging results for Erebus and Ross Island. The researchers will use the year-round continuous stations to time-lapse interrogate prominent and repeatable structural/internal scattering features revealed by both ambient noise and eruption or other signal coda correlations. Joint inversions of H/V ratios for both coda and ambient noise coupled with dispersion curves assembled from the fusion of ambient noise (low frequency) and coda (high frequency) will complement direct imaging of strong near-surface scatterers and will be applied to archived ETB/ETS data sets. Cutting edge reflection matrix techniques will continue to be developed in collaboration with independently funded groups in France to further isolate and define high scattering bodies within the top 10 kilometers of the crust and edifice. This award is cofunded by the Prediction of and Resilience against Extreme Events (PREEVENTS) program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

埃里伯斯山是南极洲罗斯岛上的一座火山，至少45年来一直处于开放式喷口活动状态，同时在其山顶拥有一个长寿的熔岩湖。该火山靠近美国南极计划麦默多站，其长期的实验基础设施和先前的研究提供了机会，开发和应用先进的成像方法，以了解一个持续活跃的火山系统。该项目将利用一个经过翻新的五站山顶附近地震网络的数据。埃里伯斯加上三个额外的站位于火山的侧翼。这种大孔径网络，加上现代仪器和技术，以增强地震信号，将提供前所未有的成像到地壳规模的深层火山管道系统，这将有助于研究人员了解火山的复杂结构和过程。此外，该网络提供全年地震数据，用于对喷发和其他活动进行临时监测。来自该网络的所有数据都将以近实时的方式公开提供。实时数据沿着现有的存档数据目录将使用最近开发的方法进行分析，以概括，识别，量化和分类爆发事件。该项目的目标是研究岩浆系统对这些事件的反应，并利用连续记录的背景噪音和喷发信号来推断同时发生的结构变化。这些对火山长期变化的地震调查，跟踪罗斯岛沉降等广泛现象，还将辅之以全球定位系统的变形记录。这些活动将有助于检验与埃里伯斯更深岩浆系统的结构以及该系统周围物质的性质有关的假设。该项目资助了两名早期职业科学家和三名研究生，为下一代火山学家和地震学家的发展做出贡献，该奖项导致建立了第一级监测系统，并使用实时地震和次声数据对喷发事件进行编目。通过对更新后的地震网络记录的宽带信号进行天气分析，将能够通过测量短周期（爆炸）与极长周期（管道）地震图特征的系统时间变化，监测和解释爆发前后的反应和管道演变。这些观测将得到补充，同时结合现有的由联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处支助的全球定位系统数据，对从数小时到数年的时间尺度上的宽频带地震倾斜进行解释。将使用较长周期尾波相关反投影来改善上层建筑结构信息，并将对地震信号进行分析，以检查下伏地壳的整体结构和不连续结构。这项工作包括重新分析TOMO Erebus宽带存档，以及2007-2008年收集的大量短期数据。这一努力将允许新的成像和解释更深的（例如，（从地壳到莫霍面或更深的尺度）结构，而不是先前在埃里伯斯拍摄的图像，同时还有其他限制因素，如埃里伯斯和罗斯岛正在出现的大地电磁成像结果。研究人员将使用全年连续的台站来延时询问环境噪声和喷发或其他信号尾波相关性所揭示的突出和可重复的结构/内部散射特征。尾波和环境噪声的H/V比的联合反演，再加上从环境噪声（低频）和尾波（高频）的融合组装的色散曲线，将补充强近地表散射体的直接成像，并将被应用于存档的ETB/ETS数据集。将继续与法国独立资助的团体合作开发尖端的反射矩阵技术，以进一步隔离和定义地壳和大厦顶部10公里内的高散射体。该奖项由极端事件预测和复原力（PREEVENTS）项目共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。