Collaborative Research: Standard Grant: Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Policing: An Ethical Analysis

该项目是一项利用人工智能协助警察巡逻的研究，通过使用大量历史犯罪数据来训练机器学习算法，以预测犯罪活动的时间和地点。预测性警务受到了民权组织、学者和社区的强烈批评，这些社区一直受到预测性警务的影响。这些批评包括它重述了种族偏见的警务模式，它进一步加重了边缘化社区的负担，以及它侵犯了目标社区的自由。研究人员建议对这些说法进行检验，并为算法警务计划的开发和部署制定最佳实践。该项目的结果有望使警察部门、基于算法犯罪预测的社区巡逻以及公众对预测性警务的社会和伦理影响的理解受益。这项拨款的目的是研究和发展可行的道德框架，以评估预测性警务实践。在此过程中，研究人员将提出并评估可能与预测性警务伦理有关的新考虑。他们还将制定基于经验的建议，以便在道德上敏感并有效地发展和使用预测性警务。该项目的成果有望促进对道德哲学、技术伦理学、社会学和犯罪学等领域的理解，并为这些领域的研究提供丰富的新领域。它们也将与其他对司法具有类似影响的算法技术有明显的相关性，包括预测刑事判决、进行医疗诊断和充当政府福利看门人的算法（所有这些算法目前都在使用）。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project is a study of the use of artificial intelligence to assist police on patrol by using massive troves of historical crime data to train machine learning algorithms to anticipate the timing and location of criminal activity. Predictive policing has come under intense criticisms from civil rights groups, academics, and communities that have been subject to predictive policing. These criticisms include its recapitulation of racially biased patterns of policing, its further burdening of marginalized communities, and its infringement on the liberties of targeted communities. The researchers propose to examine these claims and to develop best practices for the development and deployment of algorithmic policing programs. The results of this project promise to benefit police departments, communities patrolled based on algorithmic crime predictions, and public understanding of the societal and ethical implications of predictive policing. The aims of this grant are to examine and develop viable ethical frameworks for the assessment of predictive policing practices. In doing so, the researchers will propose and evaluate novel considerations that might bear on the ethics of predictive policing. They will also develop empirically grounded recommendations for the ethically sensitive and effective development and use of predictive policing. The results of this project promise to advance understanding and illuminate fertile new areas of research in moral philosophy, technology ethics, sociology, and criminology. They also will have clear relevance for other algorithmic technologies with similar implications for justice including algorithms that predict criminal sentences, make healthcare diagnoses, and serve as gatekeepers to government benefits (all of which are currently in use).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.