The Role of Individual and Social Networks in the Formation and Change of Beliefs

个人和社交网络在信仰形成和改变中的作用

• 批准号: 1918490
• 负责人: Henrik Olsson
• 金额: $ 32.13万
• 依托单位: Santa Fe Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1918490&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Individual; Social; Networks; Formation

One unique feature of human thought is the development and maintenance of beliefs. People carry with them an enduring sense of what is true or false, and whether or not things exist in the world. Beliefs are central to what it means to be human. The nature of human beliefs -- their structure, function, and change -- has been the subject of study across many fields of science over many decades. Past theories and research have approached the subject in two distinct ways. One, most common in the behavioral and cognitive sciences, is to understand how a single person's network of beliefs relate to one another. Another, most common in the social and economic sciences, is to understand how one person's beliefs are related to the beliefs of other people in one's social network. All of these efforts to understand the nature of beliefs are motivated by important broader impacts. For example, public health campaigns aim to change beliefs, and ultimately behaviors, in service of the health and welfare of society. The aim of this project is to develop a new theoretical framework that integrates understanding of belief networks at both the individual and social levels. One expected outcome is a better understanding of why some beliefs are resistant to change while others are not.This project adopts a network perspective to study why some beliefs are more resistant to change than others. Drawing from psychology, sociology, economics, computer science, and statistical physics, a unifying theoretical framework is developed. The premise of the model is that network dynamics of beliefs follow similar principles at the individual and at the social level -- that people are motivated to reduce dissonance (energy) both in their own belief network and in their social networks. The model provides novel predictions about how networks of beliefs on individual and social levels jointly affect belief's resistance to change. The model is tested in a longitudinal survey conducted in four waves, allowing an assessment of belief dynamics over time. An experimental manipulation is introduced before the third wave, allowing for the assessment of potential interventions. The data analyses rely on advanced statistical models including statistical physics modeling, network modeling, structural equation modeling, and multilevel modeling. The project will advance basic knowledge by integrating previously disconnected literatures on individual and social beliefs in a single theoretical framework, and developing and testing qualitative and quantitative predictions about the joint effects of individual and social network structures on belief change over time. The research will contribute to a foundation of knowledge that informs the design of educational interventions aimed at increasing scientific knowledge in the general population.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类思维的一个独特特征是发展和维持信仰。 人们对什么是真的或假的，以及世界上是否存在事物有一种持久的感觉。 信仰是人类的核心。 人类信仰的本质--它们的结构、功能和变化--几十年来一直是许多科学领域的研究主题。 过去的理论和研究以两种不同的方式处理这个问题。 其中一个在行为和认知科学中最常见的是了解一个人的信念网络如何相互关联。 另一个在社会和经济科学中最常见的是了解一个人的信仰如何与一个人的社会网络中其他人的信仰相关。 所有这些理解信念本质的努力都是由重要的更广泛的影响所驱动的。 例如，公共卫生运动旨在改变信仰，最终改变行为，为社会的健康和福利服务。 该项目的目的是开发一个新的理论框架，整合个人和社会层面的信念网络的理解。 一个预期的结果是更好地理解为什么有些信念是抗拒改变的，而另一些则不是。这个项目采用网络的角度来研究为什么有些信念比其他信念更抗拒改变。从心理学，社会学，经济学，计算机科学和统计物理学，一个统一的理论框架开发。 该模型的前提是，在个人和社会层面上，信念的网络动态遵循类似的原则--人们有动力减少自己的信念网络和社交网络中的不和谐（能量）。 该模型提供了关于个人和社会层面的信仰网络如何共同影响信仰对变化的抵抗力的新预测。该模型进行了测试，在四个波进行的纵向调查，随着时间的推移，允许评估的信念动态。在第三波之前引入实验操作，以便评估潜在的干预措施。 数据分析依赖于先进的统计模型，包括统计物理建模，网络建模，结构方程建模和多级建模。 该项目将通过在一个单一的理论框架中整合先前关于个人和社会信仰的不相关文献，并开发和测试关于个人和社会网络结构对信仰随时间变化的联合影响的定性和定量预测，来推进基础知识。 该研究将为知识基础做出贡献，为旨在增加普通人群科学知识的教育干预措施的设计提供信息。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的知识进行评估而被认为值得支持影响审查标准。

项目成果

A Psychological Network Approach to Attitudes and Preventive Behaviors During Pandemics: A COVID-19 Study in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands

• DOI: 10.1177/19485506211002420
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Social Psychological and Personality Science
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Chambon M;Dalege J;Elberse JE;van Harreveld F
• 通讯作者: van Harreveld F

ACCURATE BY BEING NOISY: A FORMAL NETWORK MODEL OF IMPLICIT MEASURES OF ATTITUDES

• DOI: 10.1521/soco.2020.38.supp.s26
• 发表时间: 2020-11-01
• 期刊: SOCIAL COGNITION
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Dalege, Jonas;van der Maas, Han L. J.
• 通讯作者: van der Maas, Han L. J.

Human social sensing is an untapped resource for computational social science

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03649-2
• 发表时间: 2021-06-30
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Galesic, Mirta;de Bruin, Wandi Bruine;van Der Does, Tamara
• 通讯作者: van Der Does, Tamara