MRI Consortium: Development of an Array of Germanium Detectors for COHERENT at the Spallation Neutron Source

MRI 联盟：开发用于散裂中子源相干的锗探测器阵列

• 批准号: 1920001
• 负责人: Kate Scholberg
• 金额: $ 115.25万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1920001&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Consortium; Development; Array; Germanium

One of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists leaves open many questions about the universe, including such fundamental questions as to why the Higgs mass has the value it has and why there is no antimatter in the universe. One of the primary areas to search for answers to these and other open questions about the universe, how it came to be, and why it is the way it is, is to focus on a study of the properties of neutrinos and to use what we know and can learn about neutrinos as probes of science Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The Standard Model predicted that there were three different kinds of neutrinos, all massless, that were distinguishable through the different interactions that they undergo whenever they interact with matter. But recent measurements have totally changed our picture of neutrinos. We now know that neutrinos do have a mass and because they do, they can actually change from one type to another. Additionally, experimental measurements have indicated the possibility of yet an additional type of sterile neutrino. Detailed measurements of the interactions of these unusual particles are one of the most promising ways to probe for new physics beyond the Standard Model.This project is led by group members of the COHERENT collaboration that has been the first to observe Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. The reaction was predicted in the early 1970s and has now been observed nearly a half century later, given the advances in highly-sensitive, low-noise instrumentation and very high beam fluxes, for example at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source facility. To understand the nature of this process, a range of nuclear targets must be studied, as the cross section for the scattering scales approximately with the square of the number of neutrons in the target nuclei. Through this MRI award, the group from Duke, North Carolina State and North Carolina Central Universities will build and then operate a Germanium (Ge) detector for which the neutron dependence of the cross section can be verified. Germanium is a natural choice for such a measurement given the excellent energy sensitivity afforded by this material.In the broader context, the Ge instrumentation to be developed here has the potential for applications in nuclear reactor monitoring. And the instrumentation development will provide extensive experience for post docs and students in the technically challenging research techniques of low-energy recoil measurements.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

20 世纪的主要智力成就之一是粒子物理学标准模型 (SM) 的发展。该模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子分类为具有相似量子特性的群的层次结构。迄今为止，欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机希格斯玻色子的发现证实了该模型的有效性。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题，包括为什么希格斯质量具有它所具有的价值以及为什么宇宙中没有反物质等基本问题。寻找这些以及其他有关宇宙、宇宙是如何形成以及为何会变成现在这个样子的开放性问题的答案的主要领域之一是专注于中微子的性质研究，并利用我们所知道和可以了解的中微子作为超越标准模型（BSM）的科学探针。标准模型预测存在三种不同类型的中微子，它们都是无质量的，可以通过它们与物质相互作用时所经历的不同相互作用来区分。但最近的测量完全改变了我们对中微子的看法。我们现在知道中微子确实有质量，并且因为有质量，它们实际上可以从一种类型转变为另一种类型。 此外，实验测量表明还可能存在另一种类型的惰性中微子。 对这些不寻常粒子相互作用的详细测量是探索标准模型之外的新物理学最有希望的方法之一。该项目由相干合作组织的小组成员领导，该合作组织是第一个观察相干弹性中微子核散射的组织。 该反应在 20 世纪 70 年代初期就被预测到，近半个世纪后，由于高灵敏度、低噪声仪器和极高束流通量的进步（例如在橡树岭国家实验室散裂中子源设施），该反应已被观测到。 为了理解这一过程的本质，必须研究一系列核目标，因为散射截面大约与目标核中中子数量的平方成正比。 通过这项 MRI 奖项，来自杜克大学、北卡罗来纳州立大学和北卡罗来纳中央大学的研究小组将建造并运行一台锗 (Ge) 探测器，可以验证其横截面的中子依赖性。 鉴于这种材料具有出色的能量灵敏度，锗是这种测量的自然选择。在更广泛的背景下，这里开发的锗仪器具有在核反应堆监测中应用的潜力。 仪器开发将为博士后和学生提供低能反冲测量技术挑战性研究技术方面的丰富经验。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Measurement of scintillation response of CsI[Na] to low-energy nuclear recoils by COHERENT

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/p10034
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: D. Akimov;Peibo An;C. Awe;P. Barbeau;B. Becker;V. Belov;I. Bernardi;M. Blackston;C. Bock;A. Bolozdynya;J. Browning;B. Cabrera-Palmer;D. Chernyak;E. Conley;J. Daughhetee;J. Detwiler;K. Ding;M. Durand;Y. Efremenko;S. Elliott;L. Fabris;M. Febbraro;A. Gallo Rosso;A. Galindo-Uribarri;M. P. Green;M. Heath;S. Hedges;D. Hoang;M. Hughes;T. Johnson;A. Khromov;A. Konovalov;E. Kozlova;A. Kumpan;L. Li;J. Link;J. Liu;K. Mann;D. Markoff;J. Mastroberti;Y. Melikyan;P. Mueller;J. Newby;D. Parno;S. Penttila;D. Pershey;R. Rapp;H. Ray;J. Raybern;O. Razuvaeva;D. Reyna;G. Rich;J. Ross;D. Rudik;J. Runge;D. Salvat;A. Salyapongse;K. Scholberg;A. Shakirov;G. Simakov;G. Sinev;W. Snow;V. Sosnovtsev;B. Suh;R. Tayloe;K. Tellez-Giron-Flores;I. Tolstukhin;E. Ujah;J. Vanderwerp;R. Varner;C. Virtue;G. Visser;T. Wongjirad;Y. Yen;J. Yoo;C.-H. Yu;J. Zettlemoyer

Measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering Cross Section on CsI by COHERENT

COHERENT 测量 CsI 相干弹性中微子核散射截面

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.081801
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Akimov, D.;An, P.;Awe, C.;Barbeau, P. S.;Becker, B.;Belov, V.;Bernardi, I.;Blackston, M. A.;Bock, C.;Bolozdynya, A.
• 通讯作者: Bolozdynya, A.

A D 2 O detector for flux normalization of a pion decay-at-rest neutrino source

用于介子静止衰变中微子源通量归一化的 D 2 O 探测器

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/08/p08048
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Akimov, D.;An, P.;Awe, C.;Barbeau, P.S.;Becker, B.;Belov, V.;Bernardi, I.;Blackston, M.A.;Bolozdynya, A.;Cabrera-Palmer, B.
• 通讯作者: Cabrera-Palmer, B.

Monitoring the SNS basement neutron background with the MARS detector

使用 MARS 探测器监测 SNS 基底中子本底

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/p03021
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Akimov, D.;An, P.;Awe, C.;Barbeau, P.S.;Becker, B.;Belov, V.;Bernardi, I.;Blackston, M.A.;Bock, C.;Bolozdynya, A.
• 通讯作者: Bolozdynya, A.

COHERENT constraint on leptophobic dark matter using CsI data

使用 CsI 数据对疏疏暗物质进行一致约束

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.052004
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Akimov, D.;An, P.;Awe, C.;Barbeau, P. S.;Becker, B.;Belov, V.;Bernardi, I.;Blackston, M. A.;Bock, C.;Bolozdynya, A.
• 通讯作者: Bolozdynya, A.