Doctoral Dissertation Research: Prevalence and preservation of dental calculus at the National Museum of Natural History: Implications for biomolecular preservation in museums

博士论文研究：国家自然历史博物馆牙结石的流行和保存：对博物馆生物分子保存的影响

• 批准号: 1920152
• 负责人: Courtney Hofman
• 金额: $ 2.88万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1920152&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Prevalence; preservation

This doctoral dissertation research will assess the impact of historical decision-making processes on the Biological Anthropology collections at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). In addition to being snapshots of once living populations, biological anthropology collections are valuable repositories of past anthropologists' collection management strategies. The legacies and decisions, like ones made by Ales Hrdlicka at the NMNH, changed how collections of human remains were formed, accessioned, and cared for in museums. Understanding how collections were treated in the past will help museums make informed decisions about destructive sampling requests, allow researchers to optimize study design, and help to establish museum care standards with modern scientific methods (e.g. DNA sequencing) in mind. This project will contribute to STEM education by providing training opportunities for undergraduates through the Smithsonian Fellowship Program and Co-PI Austin's dissertation research. Additionally, the public will be engaged at events like the "Expert Is In" talk series at the NMNH, presentations at the NMNH and department presentations at the University of Oklahoma.To investigate the impact of changing collection care strategies on biological anthropology collections, this project will focus on biomolecular (DNA) preservation in dental calculus (calcified plaque). Dental calculus from anthropological collections has been used to address important questions concerning the health, diet, and population dynamics of past peoples. However, variation in dental calculus development and preservation across human populations is underexplored. By taking into consideration multiple lines of evidence (i.e. ancient DNA sequencing, skeletal and morphological data, and archival information) from temporally and geographically representative collections, this study will investigate 1) how environmental factors contribute to dental calculus formation and 2) how collection care decisions by past biological anthropologists have affected the long-term storage of collections. As a world-leading museum, the NMNH offers extraordinary collections with spatial and temporal depth to address these two objectives and will provide valuable information to other collections around the world.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本博士论文研究将评估历史决策过程对史密森学会国家自然历史博物馆（NMNH）生物人类学藏品的影响。除了是曾经生活的人口的快照，生物人类学收藏品是过去人类学家收藏管理策略的宝贵宝库。这些遗产和决定，就像Ales Hrdlicka在NMNH所做的决定一样，改变了人类遗骸收藏品在博物馆中的形成、进入和保管方式。了解过去如何处理藏品将有助于博物馆对破坏性采样请求做出明智的决定，使研究人员能够优化研究设计，并有助于建立考虑到现代科学方法（例如DNA测序）的博物馆护理标准。该项目将通过史密森尼奖学金计划和Co-PI Austin的论文研究为本科生提供培训机会，为STEM教育做出贡献。此外，公众将参与的活动，如“专家是在”系列谈话在NMNH，介绍在NMNH和部门介绍在俄克拉荷马州的大学。为了调查不断变化的收集护理策略对生物人类学收藏的影响，该项目将集中在生物分子（DNA）保存在牙垢（钙化斑块）。人类学收藏的牙结石已被用来解决有关过去民族的健康，饮食和人口动态的重要问题。然而，不同人群牙石发育和保存的差异还未得到充分研究。通过考虑来自时间和地理上具有代表性的收藏品的多条证据线（即古代DNA测序，骨骼和形态数据以及档案信息），本研究将调查1）环境因素如何促进牙结石形成以及2）过去生物人类学家的收藏护理决策如何影响收藏品的长期储存。作为一个世界领先的博物馆，NMNH提供了具有空间和时间深度的非凡藏品，以实现这两个目标，并将为世界各地的其他藏品提供有价值的信息。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。